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Circulatory System

This text discusses the circulatory systems in different animals, including invertebrates and vertebrates, and explores their components, functions, and adaptations. It covers open and closed circulatory systems, as well as the structure and role of various blood vessels.

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System

  2. In which of the following animals are the blood and the interstitial fluid considered to be the same body fluid? dogs sparrows jellyfish and cnidarians grasshoppers fishes

  3. Transport in small invertebrates Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms

  4. Transport in invertebrates Roundworms Fluid contained within the body cavity (pseudocoelome) functions to transport nutrients and wastes but these animals do not have a heart or blood vessels.

  5. Open Circulatory System IN ARTHROPODS Crustaceans and some arachnids have hemocyanin(instead of hemoglobin) a oxygen carrying protein with copper (instead of iron) The blood of insects is colorless because it lacks respiratory pigments; Blood functions to carry nutrients, not gases. Consequence of an open circulatory system: Animals with open circulatory systems generally have limited activity due to limitations in the oxygen delivery capability Insects are able to be active because gas exchange is via a tracheal system.

  6. Closed Circulatory Systems Earthworms have a dorsal and ventral blood vessel that runs the length of the animal. Branches from these vessels are found in each segment. There are five vessels (hearts) that pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel. Earthworms have red blood (due to the pigment hemoglobin) but they have no cells. Hemoglobin binds with oxygen to carry it to the tissues.

  7. Which statement regarding the mammalian heart is correct? Oxygen-loaded blood moves only through the right side of the heart. In the adult heart, blood in the right chambers of the heart cannot enter the left chambers without passing through the lungs. When the right atrium contracts, it forces blood into the left atrium. Blood arrives at the heart via the ventricles. Blood is pumped from the heart via the atria.

  8. Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries carry oxygenated blood. Arteries carry blood away from capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries contain valves. Arteries have thin walls compared with veins. Which statement about human blood vessels is correct? Arteries carry oxygenated blood; veins carry oxygen-poor blood. Arteries carry blood toward the atria of the heart. Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. Veins transport blood from the heart to the capillaries.

  9. Parts of the circulatory system and their functions PUMP: Atria: __________________ Ventricles: ______________ PLUMBING: Arteries: __________________ Veins: ______________ Capillaries: _____________ Function of pulmonary and systemic circuit?

  10. Form reflects function Arteries have _______layer of muscle Veins have _______layer of muscle Capillaries have _______layer of cells Atrium: _____ walled Ventricle: ______ walled Why is the left ventricle thicker? How is backflow prevented?

  11. Capillaries are the sites for diffusion Why does the velocity of blood slow greatly as blood flows from arterioles into capillaries? Because capillary beds have a total cross-sectional area much greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arterioles. Because capillary beds are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues. Because the narrow capillaries offer great resistance to blood flow.

  12. Identify the different vertebrate circulatory systems

  13. One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is the number of circuits for circulation. the type of gas exchange tissues. a complete separation of circuits for circulation. a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit. the number of heart chambers. The circulatory systems of bony fishes, rays, and sharks are most similar to _____. those of birds, with a four-chambered heart those of sponges, where gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment those of humans, where there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber An adaptive advantage of having a three-chambered heart, as found in amphibians, over the two-chambered heart of fish is that _____. there are capillary beds in both the respiratory organ and body systems of amphibians but not fish the additional chamber in the amphibian heart reduces blood flow to the respiratory organ fully oxygenated blood returning to the amphibian heart can undergo additional pumping to reach higher pressures fully oxygenated blood is kept completely separate from relatively deoxygenated blood in the heart amphibians can tolerate higher environmental pressures

  14. Closed circulatory system in vertebrates

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