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Causation

Causation. The Countefactual Theory. The Constant Conjunction Theory. The Constant Conjunction Theory : Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff there are event kinds F and G, such that c is an F, e is a G, and every F-event is followed by a G-event.

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Causation

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  1. Causation The Countefactual Theory

  2. The Constant Conjunction Theory • The Constant Conjunction Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff there are event kinds F and G, such that c is an F, e is a G, and every F-event is followed by a G-event. • Objection #1: Lucky Conjunction • Objection #2: Epiphenomena

  3. Counterfactuals • The Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff, if c had not occurred, then e would not have occurred.

  4. Counterfactuals • The Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff, if c had not occurred, then e would not have occurred. • Objection #1: Causes vs. Conditions • Objection #2: Overdetermination • Objection #3: Preemption • Objection #4: Chancy Causation • Objection #5: Overlapping

  5. Preemption • e counterfactually depends on c iff e would not have occurred in the absence of c. • e1, e2, …, en is a chain of counterfactual dependence iff each member of the chain counterfactually depends on the previous member. • The Revised Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff there is a chain of counterfactual dependence from c to e.

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