Hydrogenated oil

1. Hydrogenated oil

2. What is hydrogenated oil • Hydrogenated oil is made by forcing hydrogen gas into oil at high pressure. Both animal and vegetable fats can be and are hydrogenated • They take these naturally healthy oils such as palm, kernel, soybean, corn oil or coconut oil and they heat it anywhere from five hundred to one thousand degrees under several atmospheres of pressure. • They then inject a catalyst into the oil for several hours. The catalyst is typically a metal such a nickel, platinum or even aluminum. As this bubbles up into the oil the molecular structure changes and increases in density and rearranges it's molecules so that instead of a liquid at room temperature we now have either semi-solid or solid oil • Two common examples of hydrogenated oil are Crisco and margarine

3. Paul Sabatier • Paul Sabatier  was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne. In 1912, Sabatier was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Victor Grignard. • Sabatier was honoured specifically for his work improving the hydrogenation of organic species in the presence of metals • Trans fat was the first man-made fat to become part of our food supply more than a century ago •  which ensures the fat remains solid at normal storage temperatures. Their initial intent was to completely harden oils for use as raw material for making soap. • After rejecting the name "Cryst" due to negative religious connotations, the product was eventually called Crisco, a modification of the phrase "crystallized cottonseed oil".

4. Polyunsaturated fats/oils • Vegtable oils & fats are polyunsaturated fats. • Polyunsaturated Fat ARE an organic compound, a fat or oil containing several double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Polyunsaturated fats, which are usually of plant origin, are regarded as healthier in the diet than saturated fats. • Unsaturated fats have the presence of carbon carbon double bonds within a hydrocarbon structure • Poly unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature

5. What happens when you add hydrogen to carbon carbon double bond • You add Hydrogen to CARBON CARBON BONDS, IT CAUSES THE OILS/FATS TO HARDEN • Hydrogenated fats has a higher melting point and are usually solids at room temperature • The softer the hydrogenated substance is the less hydrogenated it is with more double bon ds • The harder the substance is the more hydrogenated it is with less double bonds • When oils are hydrogenated a molecule of hydrogen is added across a double carbon bond this hardens the oil and the degree of hydrogenation • This reaction turns polyunsaturated fats into saturated fats and trans fats

6. What is Saturated fats &trans fats • Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturatedfatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. That is, the chain of carbon atoms is fully "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. • Trans fats When naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are altered by partial hydrogenation, they are converted to saturated fatty acids,

7. Why manufactures use hydrogenated oils • Hydrogenated oils are great as preservatives precisely because all the enzymatic activity in the oil has been neutralized during the hydrogenating process • If un-hydrogenated oils are not put into foods they would go bad very fast. This would increase the cost to the manufacturer. That's because natural oils have enzymatic activity occurring in them which is what causes them and all foods to rot at room temperature.

8. Foods that have hydrogenated oils • Margarine:Replace this with soy or vegan butter or non-hydrogenated margarine from brands like I Can’t Believe It’s Not Butter, Promise, Blue Bonnet Soft Spread or Smart Balance Light. • Vegetable Shortening : Try to use liquid vegetable oils instead. These types of oils do not have to be processed, therefore they are not an artificially saturated solid. • Non-Dairy Whipped Dessert Toppings and Cake Frosting: try Vegan products contain no animal products, including dairy, and are never hydrogenated. • White Bread: Try to use sprouted breads often found in the freezer section of health food stores or go for wheat or oat breads that do not have processed white flour, fructose, corn syrup or hydrogenated or partially hydrogented oils.  • Non-Dairy Coffee Creamers:tryreplaceingby vegan coffee creamers, such as MimicCreme by the company of the same name. Coconut Milk Powder by EnerHealth is another good option. • Tortillas: a slightly more nutritious option is to choose corn tortillas over flour. • Fast Food: Stay away from fast food • Donuts:  unfortunately, donuts are one of the highest trans-fat foods available–even the plain cake varieties. • Peanut Butter:  Look for non-major brand labels that have simple ingredients like peanuts and salt. Also, some stores offer a grind-your-own option which is the best tasting peanut butter around. •  Ice Cream: Most ice cream choices contain trans-fats. However, HaagenDaz, one of the most popular brands in the country, is totally trans-fat free

9. Side effects • Saturated fatty acids are a major risk factor for heart attacks and strokes. • Diets high in saturated fatty acids increase the production of acetate fragments in the body which, in turn, leads to an increase in the production of cholesterol. • When consumed, saturated fats tend to clump together and form deposits in the body, along with protein and cholesterol. • They get lodged in blood cells and organs, leading to many health problems, including obesity, heart diseases, and cancers of the breast and colon. • The build-up in the arteries can cause a narrowing of the arteries, called atherosclerosis, which consequently can lead to major heart problems. •  Trans fat increases the "bad" low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or LDL, and decreases the "good" high density lipoprotein cholesterol •  trans fat may produce inflammation in your body, making you more prone to develop diseases

10. Tips to avoid saturated and trans fats • Read the nutrition labels to see how much trans fat is in a product.  if a product says 0 grams of trans fat, it might not be 0. Look for the word "hydrogenated" and it means it contains trans fat. The FDA allows food manufacturers to list trans fat as 0 grams if it contains less than 0.5 grams of trans fat. • Cut back on fried, processed and commercial foods. Avoid eating commercially prepared baked foods, such as cookies, pies, donuts, snack foods and processed foods. • When you are eating out, ask the server what oil is used to prepare your food. If possible, request a healthier oil. Another option is to skip the deep-fried foods. • Remember that a small amount of trans fat occurs naturally in meat and dairy products, so chose lean cuts of meat or fish and low-fat milk. • Choose liquid vegetables oils and soft tubs of margarine that contains little or no trans fat • Buy all-natural peanut butter, because a main source of trans fat comes from non-natural peanut butter.

11. ReferencesWikipedia http://www.naturalnews.comhttp://www.latimes.comhttp://www.cdc.govhttp://healthyeating.sfgate.comhttp://www.wikihow.com