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U.S. History TAKS Review

U.S. History TAKS Review. Discovery . Americas “discovered” by Columbus in 1492, claimed it for Spain 1 st English colony est. 1607 in Jamestown, VA Sponsored by the trading companies looking for new investments in the New World

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U.S. History TAKS Review

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  1. U.S. History TAKS Review

  2. Discovery • Americas “discovered” by Columbus in 1492, claimed it for Spain • 1st English colony est. 1607 in Jamestown, VA • Sponsored by the trading companies looking for new investments in the New World • 1620 - Pilgrims land on Plymouth Rock and est. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Religious refugees from England • All sign Mayflower Compact • 150 yrs of colonial rule under the British • In reality, colonies governed themselves and set up their own ruling bodies (including legislatures)

  3. Causes of the American Revolution • 1765 – British impose the Stamp Act on the colonies to generate more revenue($) • Needed to pay war costs of the Seven Years War and to pay the armies protecting the colonies • Colonists angry “taxation w/o representation) • Also been paying taxes on tea and paper • Stamp Act – required colonists to pay a tax on all printed materials (legal docs, newspapers, etc), stamp shows that tax is paid • Was repealed, but the damage was done

  4. Causes (cont) • 1766-1775 – small scuffles and conflicts btwn colonists and British soldiers • Ex. Boston Tea Party • 1st Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia in Sept. 1774 • Leaders are Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, Thomas Paine, Paul Revere

  5. War Begins • Shots fired April 1775 in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts • Call 2nd Continental Congress met later and formed the Continental Army led by George Washington • Still not at war • 2nd Cont. Cong. approves the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776 • List of grievances against King George and England

  6. War (cont • Colonies get help from France ($, generals, arms and supplies) and are the 1st to recognize them as a new nation • Dutch and Spain help colonists a little • Gen. Cornwallis/British surrender in Yorktown in 1781 • Sign the Treaty of Paris in 1783 recognizing America as a new nation • Gain control of western territory from Appalachians to Mississippi River

  7. New Nation • New government created before end of Revolution by the Continental Congress - Articles of the Confederation • Did not create a strong enough federal/central govrnmnt • 1787 – leaders of colonies meet in Philadelphia to create new system

  8. Constitutional Convention • 55 men present including George Washington, James Madison (father of the U.S. Constitution), and Ben Franklin • Federalists – in favor of strong central gvrnmnt and the new constitution • John Jay and Alexander Hamilton write the Federalists Papers (pamphlets) • Need 9 of the 13 states to ratify it • Many wouldn’t until had a Bill of Rights • George Washington is made 1st president and New York City is the nation’s capital

  9. New Nation • Louisiana Purchase – 1803, purchased from France/Napoleon • Doubled the territory of the US • Lewis and Clark Expedition- 1804 • Made it to the Pacific overland • War of 1812 – war w/ Britain, 1812-1815 • Britain still had colonies in N. America, later these will become Canada

  10. War of 1812 (cont) • Britain was imposing international trade restrictions to hinder US’ trade w/ France, impressing US sailors, supporting Indians attacking US forts • Fought mostly on Atlantic Ocean • British raiders burned the White House in D.C. • Battle of Ft. McHenry in Baltimore – event inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner • US gains territory in FL, which actually belonged to Spain • No real gains made for either side by end

  11. Other Important Events • 1825 – Erie Canal (Great Lakes) built and opened to promote trade btwn northern cities and the Midwest • 1836 – TX Revolution • declares independence from Mexico • 1838 – Trail of Tears • Pres. Jackson and Van Buren had Indians removed and marched to Oklahoma

  12. 1846-1848 – Mexican-American War • Conflict over territory in California and TX • Mex. loses 55% of its territory • 1848 – Ca.Gold Rush • ‘49s-men who went to find gold, rush in 1849

  13. 1852 – abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe writes Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Stirs up growing tension btwn states over slavery • 1857 – Dred Scott sues for his freedom whn master moved and then died in a free state • Sup. Ct. rules that he is not bc he was not a citizen of the US, so couldn’t sue to begin with

  14. Civil War 1861-1865 • Causes - States Rights, Slavery, Political and Economic considerations • States Rights – southern states felt they should have the right to have slavery or not • Slavery – the Deep South made up majority of plantations in the US, need slave labor more than northern states • Political – new states being added, upset the balance of slave and non-slave state in Congress • Missouri Compromise – no slavery north of the 36°30' parallel

  15. Civil War 1861-1865 (cont) • Economic – plantations need large amounts of labor and slaves is the economical way to obtain it • Abraham Lincoln (Rep) takes office March 4, 1861 • Secession from Union began in late 1850’s • 7 states became Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861 • Jefferson Davis is president

  16. Status of the states, 1861.Dark Red: States that seceded before April 15, 1861 Light Red: States that seceded after April 15, 1861 Yellow: Union States that permitted slavery Blue: Union states that banned slavery Grey:  Territories

  17. Union – BlueConfederacy – BrownUnion Slave States – YellowOther - disputed

  18. Civil War 1861-1865 (cont) • War officially starts when confederacy attacks Ft. Sumter April 12, 1861 • Other battles Vicksburg, Antietam, Bull Run, *Gettysburg (decisive battle) • North – Union, Yankees, wore blue • South – Confederates, Rebels, wore grey • Gettysburg Address – by Lincoln, assurance that the Union would be united • Issues Emancipation Proclamation that frees all slaves on US soil

  19. Civil War 1861-1865 (cont) • Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865, Appomattox Court House • Time period following called Reconstruction • Rebuliding of the South, strict laws imposed • Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved to South after the war to exploit the people • Scalawags – Southerners who helped the North during the war

  20. Cold War 1947-1991 • Continuing state of political conflict, military tension, wars, and economic competition existing post-WWII • Focused btwn communist Soviet Union (Russia and satellite Eastern European States) and Western countries • Called Cold bc no actual fighting and/or battles, but the threat of nuclear war is always present

  21. Cold War 1947-1991 • Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962, USSR put missiles on Cuba pointed at the US • Ended by Pres. Ronald Reagan and USSR Pres. Mikhail Gorbachev

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