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Ch. 7 Key Issue 3

Ch. 7 Key Issue 3. Why do ethnicities clash?. Ethnic competition to dominate nationality. Sub-Saharan Africa has been plagued with ethnic conflicts. Ethiopia and Eritrea: Eritrea won freedom from Ethiopia in 1991 yet conflicts arose over the border regions. Eritrea has 9 major ethnicities

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Ch. 7 Key Issue 3

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  1. Ch. 7 Key Issue 3 Why do ethnicities clash?

  2. Ethnic competition to dominate nationality • Sub-Saharan Africa has been plagued with ethnic conflicts. • Ethiopia and Eritrea: Eritrea won freedom from Ethiopia in 1991 yet conflicts arose over the border regions. Eritrea has 9 major ethnicities • Sudan: civil war among black Christian and animist rebels and Arab-Muslim government forces. Government forced segregation among men and women. Darfur- ethnic war black Africans rebelled against discrimination and neglect= government crushed the rebellion= 450,000 have been killed, 2.5 million live in refugee camps. • Somalia: 6 major ethnic groups (clans), then divided into subclans. Famine and warfare among clans has killed over 300,000 Somalians.

  3. Ethnic competition in Lebanon • Lebanon has been damaged by fighting maong religious groups since 1970s. • Christians are most numerous with Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Armenian, Syrian Orthodox, and Chaldeans. • 2/3of Lebanon’s Muslims are from the Shiite sect. • Each religion is represented in the Chamber of Deputies, however Christians constitute the majority, Muslims demanded political and economic equality. Each religious group formed a private army to guard its territory.

  4. Dividing ethnicities among more than one state • Conflicts arise when an ethnicity is split among more than one country. • South Asia: India gained independence from Britain in 1947, the country was divided into 2 countries- India (Hindu) & Pakistan (Muslim). Hinduism is a national unity in India, Muslims have fought for territory and control. Gandhi tried to reconcile peace among both religions but was assassinated- never was achieved.

  5. Forced Migration • 17 million people felt compelled to migrate during the late 1940s. • 7 million Muslims moved from India to Pakistan • As they moved, Hindus' and Muslims attacked and killed each other

  6. Dividing Sri Lanka among ethnicities • Fighting between Sinhalese and Tamils since 1983, 60,000 have died in the conflict. • Sinhalese: 74% of total population, Buddhist, Indo-European language • Tamils: 18% of population, Hindus, Tamil is part of the Dravidian family. • Dispute goes back 2,000 years. Sinhalese dominate government military and commerce. Tamils feel discriminated.

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