Body Systems Vocabulary

1. Body SystemsVocabulary

2. Systems • Cell – The smallest living thing that can preform life functions • Tissue – group of similar cells working together for one function • Organ – A group of tissues working together • System - A group of organs working together

3. Skeletal System • Gives us shape, protects organs and produces blood. • Parts • Bones – Provide structure, make blood • Marrow – Inside of bones, make blood • Femur – Strongest bone in the body • Cartilage – Soft tissue in between bones • Ligament – Holds bones together

4. Muscular System • Movement • Parts: • Muscles – Tissues that contract (get shorter and PULL ONLY!) • Tendon – holds muscles to bones • Smooth muscles – Run involuntary functions (lungs, stomach, etc.) • Cardiac muscles – Heart muscles never get tired • Skeletal – Move bones

5. Respiratory System • Add oxygen to body and remove carbon dioxide • Parts: • Trachea – brings air to lungs • Lungs – hold air • Alveoli – Capillaries in alveoli grab oxygen and give off carbon dioxide • Diaphragm – Muscle that operates the lungs

6. Digestive System • Breaks down food gets rid of waste • Parts: • Mouth – Allows food in the body • Stomach – breaks down food • Large intestines – Absorbs nutrients • Bile – Chemical in the stomach used to break down food.

7. Circulatory System • Brings nutrients and removes waste from organs • Parts: • Heart – Pumps blood throughout the body • Artery – takes blood away from heart • Vein – Brings blood back to the heart • Capillary – Connects arteries to veins. Run to the surface of all organs • Blood – carries nutrients and waste

8. Nervous System • Controls all functions • Parts: • Brain – Main control unit of the Nervous system • Nerves – stretch throughout the body and transfer information • Spinal cord – Runs down your back, connects nerves to brain • Synapse – sends information between nerve cells

9. Epithelial System • Protects the body, controls temperature, holds your organs in • Parts: • Epidermis – Outer layer protects the body • Dermis – Middle layer contains sweat glands, hair follicles and capillaries • Hypodermis – Mostly fat, insulates and absorbs shock • Sebaceous fat – connected to hypodermis insulates and stores energy

10. Endocrine • Produces hormones, that are needed for proper body function and growth • Parts: • Gland – Produces hormones • Hormones – chemicals that excite cells • Metabolism – Turn food to energy • Hypothalamus – maintains homeostasis • Pituitary – controls growth

11. Toaster • Heats bread and makes it turn brown.