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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. Advanced Honors Biology February 2013. Objectives. At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… Identify the four chambers of the heart, Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System Advanced Honors Biology February 2013

  2. Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… • Identify the four chambers of the heart, • Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels • Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and exercise have on heart rate • Determine the effect that various health and environmental factors have on heart rate.

  3. Circulatory SystemPurpose and Structure • Transport oxygen, nutrients, immune system components, and hormones to cells • Transport carbon dioxide away from cells • Closed system • Composed of heart, blood vessels, and blood

  4. Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary arteries to lungs Pulmonary arteries to lungs Left atrium Pulmonary veins Pulmonary veins Mitral valve Right atrium Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Left ventricle Right ventricle Inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery

  5. Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… • Identify the four chambers of the heart, • Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels • Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and exercise have on heart rate • Determine the effect that various health and environmental factors have on heart rate.

  6. Two Separate Loops Right atrium/ ventricle • Pulmonary • De-oxygenated Left atrium/ ventricle • Systemic • Oxygenated

  7. Objectives At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… • Identify the four chambers of the heart, • Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels • Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and exercise have on heart rate • Determine the effect that various health and environmental factors have on heart rate.

  8. Blood Vessels Heart  arteries  arterioles  capillaries  venules  veins  Heart is the pump Diffusion in the capillaries Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Veins – carry blood toward the heart Capillaries are 1 cell thick – gas exchange Network Large vessels – singular route Small vessels – collateral routes

  9. Artery/Vein Differences

  10. Your Heart Beat

  11. So What Makes It Beat? Sinoatrial (SA) node “pacemaker” -contracts atrial Atrioventricular (AV) node -contracts ventricles Electrical Average 60-70 bpm “pulse” Up to 200 bpm

  12. Cardiovascular Problems • Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries/plaque) • Arrhythmias (heart beats too fast or too slow) • Angina (lack of blood flow to the coronary artery) • Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle damage) • Hypertension (high blood pressure) • Hypotension (low BP) • Myocardial infarction (heart attack – coronary artery blockage) • Mitral valve prolapse • Sudden cardiac arrest (heart stops beating) http://texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/ http://texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/Aneurysm.cfm

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