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CHAPTER NINE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

CHAPTER NINE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA. Change Only Begins with You…. STANDARDS COVERED. CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930.

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CHAPTER NINE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

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  1. CHAPTER NINE ON THE PROGRESSIVE ERA Change Only Begins with You…

  2. STANDARDS COVERED • CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930. • CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

  3. THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM: SECTION ONE FOUR GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM • Progressive movement/Progressivism* PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE • Social Gospel, settlement houses, Salvation Army, and YMCA provide services to people suffering • Florence Kelley* IMPROVING MORALS • Prohibtion* • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WTCU)—took up the cause and entered saloons

  4. THE ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

  5. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM CREATING ECONOMIC REFORM • Economic capitalist system questioned • Some favor socialism • Muckrakers (ex. Ida Tarbell)* FOSTERING EFFICIENCY • Progressive leaders have faith in scientists and experts to make society and the workplace efficient • Scientific management*

  6. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

  7. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

  8. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

  9. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

  10. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM CLEANING UP THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Natural disaster in Galveston, TX—relief funds messed up and five member council is appointed to fix • Disaster in Dayton, OH enforces a council-manager form • Hazen Pingree of Detroit* • Tom Johnson of Clevland*

  11. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM REFORM AT THE STATE LEVEL • Robert La Follette* • Problems with children workers* • Organizations, such as the National Labor Child Committee, able to get the govt. to ban child labor and reduce hours • Muller v. Oregon • Bunting v. Oregon • Workmen’s comp.

  12. THE ORGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM • Initiative* • Referendum* • Recall* • Seventeenth Amendment*

  13. STANDARDS COVERED • CE 6.3.3 Analyze the successes and failures of efforts to expand women’s rights. • CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930.

  14. WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE—SECTION TWO WOMEN IN THE WORK FORCE • The lives of married, middle and upper class women • Farm women handled indoor and outdoor work • Cities and factory growth open up new jobs for women/one out of five held jobs • Criteria of a typical woman worker* • Jobs include factories, offices, stores, classrooms, and houses

  15. WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE WOMEN LEAD REFORM • Dangerous conditions, low wages, and long hours pushed women toward reform • Activists were college-educated women—why? • National Association for Colored Women (NACW)* • Had issues with the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amend. • Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and suffrage*

  16. WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE

  17. WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE • National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)* • Three Part Strategy to Gain Votes: • Convince state legislatures to give right to vote • Pursue court cases to test Fourteenth Amendment • Push for a national constitutional amendment • A story about Alice Stokes…

  18. STANDARDS COVERED • CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930. • CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

  19. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL: SECTION THREE

  20. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL • Upton Sinclair and The Jungle* • Teddy Roosevelt* A ROUGH-RIDING PRESIDENT • Roosevelt’s move to the presidency • Roosevelt’s background • Roosevelt’s personality and the “bully pulpit”* • Roosevelt and Bill Pullman • The Square Deal*

  21. TEDDY ROOSEVELT AND THE SQUARE DEAL

  22. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL USING FEDERAL POWER • By 1900, trusts (legal bodies to hold stock in many companies) controlled four-fifths of the nation’s industries • President Roosevelt became a “trust-buster”—wins a few court cases and breaks others apart, but prob. did not go away • 1902 Coal Mine Strike harmed production of coal deposits • Roosevelt uses arbitration to settle the matter* • Legacy—federal govt. can intervene

  23. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL • The Elkins Act 1903 • The Hepburn Act 1906 HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT • After reading The Jungle, Roosevelt sends a team to investigate • Meat Inspection Act* • Pure Food and Drug Act*

  24. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL • Before Roosevelt, the government paid little attention to the environment • John Muir, a conservationist persuaded Roosevelt to set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites, 80 million acres of land, and 50 wildlife sanctuaries and national parks • Conservation*

  25. TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S SQUARE DEAL ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS • Some African American activists blame Roosevelt for failing to support Civil Rights • He supported people that segregated, blamed the communities for their own poverty, and told them to accept discrimination • Upset by Progressivism’s failures, they form the NAACP*

  26. STANDARDS COVERED • CE 6.3.1 Describe at least three significant problems or issues created by America’s industrial and urban transformation between 1895 and 1930. • CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

  27. PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT: SECTION FOUR TAFT BECOMES A PRESIDENT • William Howard Taft* • Busted 90 trusts during his career but not as popular as TR • Mistake One Payne-Aldrich Tariff* • Mistake Twohiring Richard Ballinger and firing Gifford Pinchot • Mistake ThreeCould not prevent his own political party from falling apart • Roosevelt returns angry—starts the Bull Moose Party*

  28. PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT

  29. PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT DEMOCRATS WIN IN 1912 • Woodrow Wilson* • Stayed away from the feud between Roosevelt and Taft • Wilson has experience with trust busting, bank reform, and cutting tariffs—wins easily

  30. PROGRESSIVISM UNDER TAFT

  31. STANDARDS COVERED • CE 6.3.3 Analyze the causes, consequences, and limitations of Progressive reform.

  32. WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM: SECTION FIVE WILSON WINS FINANCIAL REFORMS • Wilson’s background • Clayton Antitrust Act* • Federal Trade Commission* • Lowers tariffs—before this big business was favored—why? • Sixteenth Amendment—federal income tax to generate more revenue • Federal Reserve System*

  33. WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM WOMEN WIN SUFFRAGE • Middle-class women push on to obtain voting rights—win in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Washington, and Idaho 1910 • Susan B. Anthony’s successor of NAWSA, Carrie Chapman Catt—she emphasized certain goals* • Lucy Burns and Alice Paul a little more drastic • NAWSA’S efforts and women’s involvement during WWI push the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment*

  34. WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM

  35. WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM THE LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM • Opposed an anti-lynching law • Federal offices were segregated • Appointed Southern politicians that segregated; thought segregation was just • WWI demands* • Change only begins with you…

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