Presentation Transcript

1. The Democratic-Republicans Take Control of the Government.
2. Jefferson Takes Office The Election of 1800 Federalists (John Adams) vs. Democratic Republicans (Thomas Jefferson) Election Results Thomas Jefferson-73 votes John Adams-65 votes Aaron Burr (Dem.-Rep. running for Vice-President)-73 votes. Tie between Jefferson and Burr.
3. Breaking the Tie Constitution says… The House of Representatives had to vote to break the tie. Over seven days the House voted 35 times. Alexander Hamilton (a Federalist) backed Thomas Jefferson against Aaron Burr. Burr became Vice-President.
4. Thomas Jefferson becomes our third president. Democratic-Republican Party 1801-1809 The Republicans remove the Federalists from power and the Federalist party will be no more.
5. The Talented Jefferson Politician, Diplomat & Statesman Lawyer Architect (helped design Washington D.C.) Violinist & horseman Amateur scientist & inventor Huge library (donated to the Library of Congress) Writer (Declaration of Independence) Founder of a university (Univ. of Virginia).
6. Jefferson’s Philosophy Wanted a nation of small independent farmers. Uphold strong morals Uphold democratic values. Rural Communities with high moral standards (country) He hoped that with all the land in America, people would choose to live in the country instead of cities. Civic Virtue- do things for the common good of everyone.
7. Jefferson’s Epitaph “Here was buried Thomas JeffersonAuthor of the Declaration of American Independenceof the Statute of Virginia for religious freedom& Father of the University of Virginia.” Why didn’t Jefferson list the presidency on his gravestone? The items listed above were what Thomas Jefferson believed were gifts to the people. He didn’t list the presidency because he believed it was a gift from the people.
8. Undoing Federalist Programs Reduce Taxes-Tariffs Reduce defense expenditures Reduce the National debt Reduced the number of federal employees. Abolish or allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire. Released prisoners Abolished the Whiskey Tax
9. Judiciary Act of 1801 Before John Adams left office he appointed as many Federalist judges as he could until Jefferson’s inauguration. These last minute appointments meant that the Federalist party would still have influence in the courts, which interpreted the laws. “The Midnight Judges” Act = Law
10. New Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall Federalist Served for over 30 years Court Under Marshall Upheld federal authority-power in the hands of the government, not the people. Strengthened the federal courts Made important Constitutional Decisions Marbury v. Madison McCulloch vs. the State of Maryland Gibbons vs. Ogden
11. Marbury v. Madison, 1803 William Marbury was a “Midnight Judge” but James Madison refused to swear him in to his new position. Marbury sued Madison The Supreme Court heard the case and ruled that the law that Marbury sued with was unconstitutional (went against the Constitution). Marbury lost. This case established the principle of judicial review (the Supreme court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution.
12. Marbury v. Madison First Landmark Case of the Supreme Court Supreme Court became equal to the other 2 branches Judicial Review
13. McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 State of Maryland wanted to tax its branch of the national bank. Court ruled that a state couldn’t tax a national bank. Should states have power over the federal government Maryland loses States cannot tax federal banks Strengthens the power of the federal government
14. Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 Who controls shipping rights on the Hudson River (NY or NJ) Who has power to decide? State or Federal Federal government decision Interstate commerce regulated by federal government not states Strengthens the power of the federal government Strengthens the power of the federal government
15. 1803 - Louisiana Purchase Over 900,000 square miles - nearly 600 million acres - were purchased for 15 million dollars (an average of only three cents an acre!).
16. The West in 1800 (Before LP) “The West” refers to the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. U.S. territories using the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 applied for and became states. Kentucky-1792 Tennessee-1796 Ohio-1803 In 1791, Vermont was also added as the 14th state
17. Causes…Reasons TJ wanted to buy To move goods on the Mississippi River To store and ship goods from New Orleans To avoid going to war over trading rights with France & Spain
18. Causes…Why Napoleon wanted to sell Had lost Haiti to rebels and didn’t want to fight Americans. He needed money to fight his wars in Europe Americans were moving west and he wanted to be rid of the land so he didn’t have to defend it.
19. Jefferson’s Problem the constitution did not give him the power, but he really wanted the land-it went against his beliefs (strictly follow the Constitution) Terms $15 million doubled size of U.S. We grew from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
20. Effects - The Louisiana Purchase has been described as the greatest real estate deal in history. The lands acquired stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian border. Thirteen states were carved from the Louisiana Territory. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States, making it one of the largest nations in the world.
21. Lewis and Clark Expedition Objectives of the Expedition: Find an all water route across the continent Claim the Oregon Territory Create friendly relations with the Indians Make detailed drawing and notes about Indian languages, geography, plants, and animals they observe.
22. Lewis and Clark
23. Zebulon Pike’s Expedition Page 19 1806 Mission was to find the sources of the Arkansas and Red Rivers. Pike’s Peak
24. Effects of Exploration Accurate Maps Settlers and travelers used them to go west. Growth of the Fur Trade More interest in the trade and traders continued to move west. Mistaken view of the Great Plains Called a “desert” Americans believed it was useless for farming.
25. Causes of the War of 1812 Jefferson’s Foreign Policy Due to trading & Louisiana Purchase, we were forced to interact with other countries England takes our cargo & impresses (kidnaps) our sailors By setting up blockade, they also disrupt trading for US Actions of England & France led to Embargo Act of 1807 …disasterous results for US farmers
26. Madison is elected in 1808 Father of the Constitution
27. Further causes of the War of 1812… Madison elected & tries to change foreign policy…no better results. U.S. needing to protect their honor & image to the world War Hawks calling for a declaration of war because of British support of Indian resistance in the U.S.

28. The War of 1812

29. The War Begins… Britain was already fighting a war with France, tried to avoid war by proclaiming they would no longer attack American shipping. This information arrived after Congress had approved President Madison’s request for war.
30. Two Phase War First Phase British ignored the war in America, except for blockading our seas. Second Phase Started after the defeat of France in 1814 British focused in on America
31. We invade Canada & suffer defeat Capt. Perry leads a naval victory on the Great Lakes & US gains control at the Battle of Lake Erie (turning point)
32. The Burning of Washington
33. Pages 20-21 Fort McHenry The fort became famous in the War of 1812 when the British attacked on September, 1814. For 25 hours the British bombarded Fort McHenry from ships outside of Baltimore harbor in the Patapsco River. The fort's defenders held firm, and Baltimore was saved.
34. Fort McHenryBirthplace of Our National Anthem
35. In 1813 the commander of Ft. McHenry asked for a flag so big that "the British would have no trouble seeing it from a distance." He asked Mary Young Pickersgill to make the flag for him. Her thirteen year old daughter helped her. She used 400 yards of fine wool. They cut 15 stars that were two feet across. There were 8 red and 7 white stripes. The stripes were each two feet wide. When it was finished it measured 30 by 42 feet and cost $405.90.
36. It was from a British ship that Francis Scott Key watched the bombing of Ft. McHenry. There was a lot of smoke and haze, but when daylight came, he could see that the flag was still waving.He was so inspired that he began to write a poem on the back of a letter he had in his pocket. He later finished the poem and showed it to his brother-in-law who took it to a printer and had copies made of it.
37. Battle Of New Orleans(last battle) British invade port & disrupt trade Andrew Jackson defeats British & becomes hero! Battle takes place after peace treaty had already been signed!
38. Treaty of Ghent Signed December 24, 1814 and Ratified by the Senate on February 15, 1815. Ended the war in a cease-fire. Terms of peace: Status quo ante bellum (restoration of prewar territorial conditions) Certain issues would be settled later.
39. The Results of the War Hero’s Andrew Jackson Oliver Perry Native American’s Weakened their resistance Manufacturing Grew Americans were forced to make their own products. America could defend itself from other countries Increased American Patriotism
40. Supreme Court Landmark Cases 1. The decision in the case Marbury v. Madison is important in United States history because the Supreme Court – A. assumed the power to declare laws unconstitutional B. declared secession to be a proper action for a state to take, if necessary C. increased the power of the executive branch over the legislative branch D. stressed the need for strict construction of the Constitution
41. Leadership of John Marshall 2. What was the result of many of the Supreme Court decisions made under Chief Justice John Marshall between 1801 and 1835? A. Antitrust laws were upheld by the Supreme Court. B. The federal government was strengthened. C. The rights of workers were supported. D. The system of slavery was weakened.
42. Principle of Judicial Review 3. John Marshall’s leadership in the Supreme Court decision of Marbury v. Madison helped to establish – A. rules for impeachment trials B. the principle of judicial review C. the procedure for reviewing treaties D. the federal government’s authority over the states
43. v x s Louisiana Purchase Map 4. Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. The area marked X on the map was part of - A. Massachusetts’ Western Reserve B. the Louisiana Purchase C. the Mexican Cession D. the Northwest Territory
44. v x s Louisiana Purchase Map 5. Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. The area marked V on the map was part of - A. Massachusetts’ Western Reserve B. the Louisiana Purchase C. the Mexican Cession D. the Northwest Territory
45. Significance of 1803 and Louisiana Purchase 6. Which geographic advantage did the United States gain by purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France? A. full control of the Mississippi River B. rich fishing areas in the Great Lakes C. vast coal reserves in the region west of Pennsylvania D. warm-water ports on the Atlantic coast
46. Significance of Louisiana Purchase 7. What effect did the Louisiana Purchase have on the United States? A. It brought Texas into the Union. B. It created an alliance between the United States and Great Britain. C. It doubled the size of the nation. D. It enabled the United States to use the port of San Francisco.
47. War of 1812 8. All of the following contributed to the United States decision to declare war against Great Britain in 1812 EXCEPT – A. American military and economic preparedness for war B. American concern for national honor C. The impressments of U.S. seamen D. British interference with U.S. trade
48. Economic Effects of War of 1812 9. Which of the following was an economic consequence of the War of 1812? A. The American economy did worse. B. American manufacturing increased. C. The British economy boomed. D. Other countries did not want to buy American products.
49. Economic Impact of War of 1812 10. Which of the following best describes the impact of the War of 1812 on the U.S. economy? A. The war permanently changed America’s trading partners. B. The war resulted in the loss of the English market for tobacco and caused an economic collapse in the South. C. The war promoted economic independence by isolating the US from Europe. D. The war expenses bankrupted the First National Bank.