MALCOLM X AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 05 /19/1925- 02/ 21/ 1965

1. MALCOLM XANDTHE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 05 /19/1925- 02/ 21/ 1965 By Robin Crawford

2. (Malcolm Little) Born May 19, 1925 Father: (Earl Little) A Baptist minister who followed the teachings of Marcus Garvey. A very tall dark skinned man who was killed by whites when Malcolm was six. Mother: (Louise Little) Was the produce of a rape by an unknown white man. She could pass for a white woman and was very ashamed of how she was conceived. http:www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/malcolm/gallery/g_01.html

3. Malcolm Little grew up knowing what oppression and discrimination were first hand. “The mark of this grandfather was visited on Malcolm, of eight children he stood apart with his reddish brown color” (Goodheart, 1990, pg. 2). -His mother “favored her dark skin children and disparaged Malcolm’s lighter color as an unwanted reminder of her white rapist father” (Goodheart, 1990, pg. 3). She would often tell him to let the sun shine on you so you can get some color.-His father saw Malcolm’s complexion as a blessing in the spirit of the adage that “white is right; if you’re brown, stick around; but if you’re black step back” (Goodheart, 1990. pg.3). Growing up Malcolm Little

4. Growing up Malcolm Little • At six years old Malcolm’s father is killed • Mother becomes depressed and is committed to a mental institution • He and his siblings become orphans and wards of the state • Malcolm goes to live with a white couple • Malcolm makes a lot of accomplishments in school and was well liked by his white classmates as long as he “played the role of mascot, as long as he did not aspire to be equal to whites” (LaMothe, 2011, pg.542). • Seventh grade teacher Mr. Ostrowski kills Malcolm’s dreams of becoming a lawyer. He tells Malcolm “We all here like you, you know that. But you’ve got to be realistic about being a nigger. A lawyer—that’s no realistic goal for a nigger” (Goodheart, 1990, pg.3).

5. Malcolm Little- Big Red- Malcolm X • Between the ages of 14 to 21 Malcolm would travel to different cities and work various jobs. • “During his late teenage years, he immersed himself in the hustling subculture of the Roxbury and Harlem ghettos where the lanky Malcolm was called Big Red” (Goodheart, 1990, pg. 4). • He dated white women to validate himself as equal to any white man • As Big Red he engaged in selling drugs , gambling, pimping and robbery. • Big Red is arrested and sentenced to 8 to 10 years in Charlestown State Prison. • While in prison he is introduced to the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. • He becomes a black Muslim , joins the Nation of Islam and becomes Malcolm X.

6. Muhammad and Malcolm • In Malcolm’s eyes “Elijah Muhammad served as a father figure, a mentor, a guide and a coach, providing Malcolm X with a deepening sense of self-worth” (LaMothe, 2011, pg.546). • He believed white people were devils who kept blacks from having political, economic and social success • Blacks show have a state separate from whites http://woodcaskersbyjohn.com/minister-malcolm-x

7. Malcolm X’s Achievements • Malcolm becomes minister of the NOI’s mosque in Boston, Philadelphia and New York • He founded the NOI newspaper in 1957 • During the 1960’s Malcolm was asked to participate in several debates on radio, television programs and universities. • New York Times reported that Malcolm X was the second most sought after speaker in the United States in 1963. • Malcolm lead one of the nations larges civil rights events June 29, 1963 called the Unity Rally in Harlem • As minister of the NOI Malcolm helped increase the membership from 400 to 40,000 members http://malcolmx.com/about/achievements.html

8. “That’s to much power for one man”

9. The media portrayed Malcolm X as an advocate of racial hatred. After reporter Mike Wallace did a documentary on the Nation of Islam “The Hate that Hate Produced”

10. http://www.bing.com/images

11. Trouble for Malcolm • Malcolm’s comments about President Kennedy cause a public out cry • His remarks angers Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm is prohibited from speaking in public for 90 days. • Malcolm becomes a favorite of the media and resentment spreads in the NOI by members who felt the Malcolm was getting more attention than Muhammad • Malcolm is deeply hurt when he discovers that his mentor Muhammad has violated his own teachings • Malcolm leaves the NOI and founded the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and the Organization of Afro-American Unity

12. Malcolm goes to Mecca http://www.bing.com/images/

13. Life after Mecca • Malcolm has an epiphany while in Mecca • He learns the true meaning of brotherhood • He converts to Islam • Changes his name from Malcolm X to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz • Malcolm starts getting death threats from NOI, • Malcolm’s home under surveillance by FBI • Malcolm’s home is firebombed February 14, 1965 http://www.xtime.com

14. Seven days later Malcolm X was assassinated http://euphoricest.tumbir.com/

15. Malcolm X’s Family • Malcolm X aka El-Hajj-Malik El- Shabazz left behind • (Wife) Betty Shabazz • (Six daughters) Attallah, Qubilah, Iiyasah ,Gamilah, (twins) Malikah and Malaak http://www.univ-ag-uni-kl-de/

16. El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz • May 19, 1924-February 21, 1965 http://www.bing.com

17. http://www.bing.com/images

18. “BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY” • FREEDOM JUSTICE EQUALITY • LOVE PEACE RESPECT • BROTHERHOOD SISTERHOOD

19. References Goodheart, L. B.(1990). The odeyssey of malcolm x. An eriksonian interpretation. Historian, 53 (1), 47-62. LaMothe, R (2011). Political humiliation and conversion. Pastoral Psychology, 60 (4), 537-549. doi: 10.1007/s11089-010-0303-x Lord, L., & Thornton, J. (1992). The legacy of malcolm x. U.S. News & World Report, 113(20), 76. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/malcolm/gallery/g_01.html http://woodcasketbyjohn.com/minister-malcolmx http://www.bing.com/images http://www.xtime.com http://euphoricest.tumbin.com http://www.univ-ag-univ-ag-uni-kl-de/