World War I:

1. World War I: “The war to end all wars”

2. The end of the Enlightenment

3. The end of the Enlightenment “Technology is no longer used for the betterment of mankind”

4. World War I: The Great War The War to make the world safe for democracy

5. Causes of World War I - MANIA M A N I A ilitarism– policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

6. Causes of WWI -Militarism Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).

7. Causes of WWI-Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain Germany France Austria-Hungary Russia Italy

8. Causes of WWI -Nationalism Pan-Germanism - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries Germanic Countries Austria* Belgium Denmark Iceland Germany* Liechtenstein* Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland* United Kingdom * = German speaking country

9. Imperialism: European conquest of Africa

10. The“Spark”-What started the “war to end all wars”

11. Causes of WWI -Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

12. Causes of WWI -Assassination Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia.

13. Causes of WWI -Assassination Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

14. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

15. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.

16. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.

17. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.· example of Pan-German nationalism

18. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.· example of Pan-German nationalism Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

19. The Point of No Return: Germany declares war on Russia.

20. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia.

21. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France.

22. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France and opens up the western front.

23. The Point of No Return:The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Germany declares war on Russia. France pledges their support for Russia. Germany declares war on France. Germany invades Belgium on the way to France and opens up the western front. Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.

24. Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Russia Italy

25. Technology

26. Technology • U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships)

27. Technology • U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships) • Machine Guns

28. Technology • U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships) • Machine Guns • Tanks- British perfected these!

29. Technology • U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships) • Machine Guns • Tanks- British perfected these! • Airplanes

30. Technology • U-Boats or submarines were perfected by the Germans (and used to fire upon all types of ships) • Machine Guns • Tanks- British perfected these! • Airplanes • Tear Gas- Chemical Warfare (Germans used heavily)

31. Major Battles:

32. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive.

33. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive. • February 21st to December 18th 1916.

34. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive. • February 21st to December 18th 1916. • 700,000 killed

35. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive. • February 21st to December 18th 1916. • 700,000 killed • Ypres: A single battle. G.B. attacks German position.

36. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive. • February 21st to December 18th 1916. • 700,000 killed • Ypres: A single battle - G.B. attacks German position. • July 31st to December 18th 1917.

37. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive. • February 21st to December 18th 1916. • 700,000 killed • Ypres: A single battle - G.B. attacks German position. • July 31st to December 18th 1917. • 245,000 British dead, 260,000 Germans dead, 8,000 French dead

38. Major Battles: • Verdun: German Offensive. • February 21st to December 18th 1916. • 700,000 killed • Ypres: A single battle - G.B. attacks German position. • July 31st to December 18th 1917. • 245,000 British dead, 260,000 Germans dead, 8,000 French dead • 60,000 British soldiers drowned in the mud.

40. U.S.: Nation of Isolation

41. U.S.: Nation of Isolation • Many remembered the Civil War and did not want to enter

42. U.S.: Nation of Isolation • Many remembered the Civil War and did not want to enter • President Wilson did not want to wage war on Germany.

43. Why should the US Fight? • German attacks on civilian cruise ships (Lusitania and Sussex) prompted US citizens for retaliation. • Zimmerman telegram:

44. U.S. Enters the War • April 6, 1917 The Senate and the House vote to declare war on Germany. • First troops arrived in September and first battle involving US troops was in October • More than 4.7 Million service members served • 50,000 American lives lost. • 200,000 wounded.

45. Conditions

46. Conditions • Winter of 1917 very cold

47. Conditions • Winter of 1917 very cold • Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots)

48. Conditions • Winter of 1917 very cold • Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots) • Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies

49. Conditions • Winter of 1917 very cold • Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots) • Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies • Food was scarce and horrible

50. Conditions • Winter of 1917 very cold • Most soldiers not equipped for cold (no blankets, rags on feet, feet freezing to boots) • Trenches were usually flooded, infested with rats, dead bodies • Food was scarce and horrible • Lice and fleas in barracks