Tim Harding

1. Welcome to………… Learning Science through Songs Tim Harding NAIGS Annual Conference 4th July 2008 tim_harding@hotmail.co.uk

2. How do we learn ? Seeing Hearing Auditory Visual graphic verbal verbal musical Doing Kinaesthetic Practical tasks Body movement / actions

3. The Water cycle Water is extremely important because it essential to all living things. It is a material which can change state. Liquid water evaporates to become water vapour- part of the air around us. When water vapour is cooled it changes back into liquid water. This can often be in the form of precipitation- rain, snow,sleet or hail. So water is all around, in the air- as vapour , or perhaps as a liquid, such as puddles on the ground. These disappear when the water evaporates , a process aided by the sun and wind. Water can also change into a solid, which we call ice, when the temperature falls to 0°. This, of course, melts again when the temperature rises. When water gets very hot ,steam is produced as the water changes into water vapour. These changes of state are called ‘reversible changes’.- Which means that the water can be returned to a former state.

5. Now let me tell you something ‘bout Water, ‘Cos if you don’t know by now, then you oughta. We all need it so we think it’s great, And it can even change it’s state.

6. Evaporation It’s part of the air Gas Condensation Cool Then a liquid is there Precipitation It goes to the ground Falls The Water Cycle goes round and round

7. Cool Gas Condensation Precipitation Falls Evaporation

8. Water Cycle Calypso

9. Now let me tell you something ‘bout Water, ‘Cos if you don’t know by now, then you oughta. We all need it so we think it’s great, And it can even change it’s state.

10. Evaporation Condensation Precipitation It’s part of the air Then a liquid is there It goes to the ground Gas Cool Falls The Water Cycle goes round and round

12. And did you know that water is around us, In vapour in the air or down on the ground, as Puddles which can vanish in the sun and the breeze, But watch the water freeze at zero degrees.

13. Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Gas Cool Falls It’s part of the air Then a liquid is there It goes to the ground The Water Cycle goes round and round

15. So water can be solid when it’s frozen as ice, Which melts into liquid when the temperatures rise. When it boils it makes steam as it turns into gas - Reversible changes of state don’t last.

16. Evaporation Condensation Precipitation It’s part of the air Then a liquid is there It goes to the ground Gas Cool Falls The Water Cycle goes round and round

18. Song features • Musical elements to aid thinking & memory process • Song Format • Content & Context – characters – visual reference- • Style- emotional impact • Links to movement- actions / dance / clapping

19. Musical elements Rhythm Framework for thought patterns fluency Rhyme verbal clues & prompts Repetition reinforcement

20. The rain will fall And the Sun will glow Giving water and light For the plants to …..

21. And the rain will fall and the Sun will glow,

22. and light Giving water… so the plants can grow.

23. Familiar Songs involving repetition The wheels on the bus If you’re happy and you know it Old MacDonald Frere Jaques

24. Song format • Provides brilliant opportunity to encapsulate what it is you want to teach within a particular type of structure • Each section can focus on concise body of information- can be sequential- progressing from one concept / idea to the next (verses). • Gives opportunity to revisit several times & so emphasise the bits you really want to emphasise! (chorus)

25. We’ve got the Force

26. If you want pulling or pushing or spinning around, If you want upthrust or gravity to get to the ground, If you want stretching or moving, as a matter of course, You’ll want us, ‘cos we’ve got the force.

27. Well we meet with some resistance almost everywhere, In the water, on the ground and even up in the air. It slows us down, a bit of friction, and things get hot, But that’s only on the surface and we like it a lot.

28. If you want pulling or pushing or spinning around, If you want upthrust or gravity to get to the ground, If you want stretching or moving, as a matter of course, You’ll want us, ‘cos we’ve got the force.

29. Food Chain

30. Everything around us, if it’s alive, Needs nutrition to survive, And in an ecosystem in a habitat, The animals know just where they’re at.

31. That’s part of the …… Food chain - the transfer of energy Food chain – nature’s way Food chain – in a natural community, Producer Consumer, A Predator eating its prey.

32. All of Earth’s energy comes from the Sun, And green plants can change it and pass it on, Producing food for consumers in their leaves, In a process called photosynthesis.

33. That’s part of the …… Food chain - the transfer of energy, Food chain – nature’s way. Food chain – in a natural community, Producer Consumer, A Predator eating its prey.

34. Meanwhile…. Down in the pond, There’s a little food chain on - From pondweed to bugs and bugs to newt, Oh no! The newt got eaten by a coot.

35. That’s part of the …… Food chain - the transfer of energy, Food chain – nature’s way. Food chain – in a natural community, Producer Consumer, A Predator eating its prey.

36. Micro-organisms break down waste in the ground below, Releasing nutrients into the soil that help the plants to grow.

37. That’s part of the …… Food chain - the transfer of energy, Food chain – nature’s way, Food chain – in a natural community, Producer Consumer, A Predator eating its prey.

38. Content & context • Familiar stories / rhymes • Baa Baa Black Sheep • Twinkle Twinkle Little Star • ‘Science’ story characters • / settings • Mind Maps

41. Materials what things are made of What it’s all about That’s Science Physical processes- we’ve got the force Grouping Forces & Movement Changing Living things – part of the food-chain Electricity Separating Animals Light Plants Sound Environments The Earth and beyond

43. Sound Listen air made by (creation) vibration ear Hear it Travel round some materials hit scrape shake blow ground high shorter tighter thinner pitch harder louder further low longer looser thicker

44. Light & Dark: Objectives • that light is essential for seeing things • that objects cannot be seen in darkness • that when it is dark other senses can be used to help us find things and identify things • that there are many sources of light • that light sources vary in brightness • to observe and make comparisons of sources of light • that sources of light show up best at night-time • to observe and make comparisons of sources of light and to try to explain what they observed

45. that the Sun is the source of light for the Earth • that it is dangerous to look at the Sun because it is so bright • to make observations and to try to explain these • that shiny objects need a light source if they are to shine • that shiny objects are not light sources • to suggest how to find out about where a reflective strip will shine brightly • to make observations and simple comparisons and to say whether what they found out was what they expected

46. Light & Dark: Vocabulary • words and phrases related to light and dark eg bright, light, dark, black, night, day, reflect, reflective strip • ·names of light sources eg torch, warning light, Sun, candle, lantern • ·words and phrases used to make comparisons eg darker/darkest, bright/brighter/brightest • expressions giving reasons using ‘because’.

47. Pose Questions Scientific Enquiry Observe Experiment Find out Communicate processes and skills Science Forces & Movement Electricity humans Living Things Physical Processes knowledge and understanding Environments & interdependence animals Light Materials & their Properties Sound variation & classification green plants The Earth and beyond Grouping Changing Separating

48. ‘N’ Pose Questions Scientific Enquiry Observe Experiment Find out Communicate Does it grow? does it feed? does it reproduce? have senses? does it move? Can it push, can it pull, can it make things move, does it have the force? S T MATE finding out LIV Science FIZZ Forces & Movement Electricity humans Living Things Physical Processes what it's all about Environments & interdependence animals Light What is it made of, what can it do, what can we use it for? MATT Sound variation & classification green plants Materials & their Properties The Earth and beyond Grouping Changing Separating