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SSTH and GTVH applied to translation of Proper Names for humour rendering

SSTH and GTVH applied to translation of Proper Names for humour rendering. V. Raskin - S. Attardo – H. Antonopoulou. What are Scripts (or frames, or schemata).

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SSTH and GTVH applied to translation of Proper Names for humour rendering

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  1. SSTH and GTVHapplied to translation of Proper Names for humour rendering V. Raskin - S. Attardo – H. Antonopoulou

  2. What are Scripts (or frames, or schemata) • “An organized complex of information (i.e. a COGNITIVE STRUCTURE) about some entity (an object, an event) which is internalized by the speaker” • Scripts provide the speaker with information on how a given entity is structured (its components, its development) • Scripts are hierarchically structured and organized and are subject to variables • They are considered static (abstract object stored in mind: slot-filler) or dynamic (segments of a semantic network : activation levels).

  3. SSTH (Raskin 1985) • A TEXT CONTAINS A JOKE IF: - it is compatible with two different scripts (overlapping; script-switch) - the scripts are opposite (local antonymy) - scripts make meaning following combinatorial rules (potentially infinite combinations)

  4. SSTH applied to humour IF a text is compatible fully or in part with two scripts which happen to be opposed to each other THEN will the text be classified as “funny” by the SSTH

  5. A demonstration of the SSTHThe Doctor’s Wife Joke “Is the doctor at home?” the patient asked in his bronchial whisper. “No,” the doctor’s young and pretty wife whispered in reply. “Come right in.” • Script activation (including inferential) : DOCTOR; LOVER; • Combination through rules (making sense of the scripts): bona-fide VS non-bona-fide mode (see also Grice) • Script overlapping: (fulfilled) • Script opposition: SEX – NO SEX (fulfilled) • Necessity to backtrack and reevaluate text

  6. GTVH – broadening the SSTH (Attardo-Raskin 1991) • Linguistic theory as it includes other areas of linguistic and narrative • Introduction of 6 Knowledge Resources (KR) to look at in Jokes: • Script Opposition (SO) from SSTH • Logical Mechanism (LM) • Target (TA) • Narrative Strategy (NS) • Language (LA) • Situation (SI)

  7. Joke: {LA, SI, NS, TA, SO, LM} • GTVH is a mechanism capable of generating infinite numbers of jokes by combining its parameters • Analyzing a joke in the GTVH consists of listing the values of the 6 KRs in a given strand containing jab lines or punch lines • JAB LINES: humorous elements fully integrated in the narrative in which they appear • PUNCH LINE: a jab line occurring exclusively in a final position in the text

  8. GTVH applied to Proper Names (PNs) translation (H. Antonopoulou 2004) • SOURCE TEXT: R. Chandler’s texts from 1935 to 1950 (detective story genre) containing allusive PNs (ST:English; TT: Greek) • AIM: Assessing the effectiveness of the renderings in relation to the translational strategy adopted • METHOD: Questionnaires to identify the referents of the PNs and rate the degree of amusement • TOOLS: GTVH; Cognitive Grammar (CG); conventional translation strategies

  9. Disassembling a text through GTVH • “The door opened and a tall blond dressed better than the Duchess of Windsor strolled in.” • SO: normal/abnormal; simple/conspicuous lifestyle; secretary clothing/Duchess clothing • LM: analogy • TA: the secretary (the way she dresses) • SI: context • NS: comparative construction • LA: title + proper name

  10. CG contribution in PNs translation • Nominals are conceptual entities conveying a rich amount of information accessible at a minimum cognitive cost • = SHORTCUT FOR SCRIPT ACTIVATION • If a PN is the lowest hyponym in a type hierarchy (ex. furniture>sofa>Bauhaus sofa PN), then the reader can work backwards and find himself the superordinate matching with his world knowledge • Applied to PNs translation: retention of PNs is an effective strategy according to Antonopoulou’s research

  11. Strategies adopted to render the PNs in the TT (Leppihalme 1997) • PRESERVATION • REPLACEMENT (by another ST PN or common noun; by a TT PN or common noun; expliciting) • OMISSION

  12. PRESERVATION • “The door opened and a tall blond dressed better than the Duchess of Windsor strolled in.” • (from Greek translation) [the door opened and a tall blond entered dressed better than the Duchess (of) Windsor]

  13. REPLACEMENT by a general description • “You want the New York Yankees, Robert Donat and the Yacht Club Boys” • (translated from Greek) [you want a wrestler, a dandy and a ladies’ man at-the-same-time] - replacement by an indefinite description: the lower the level of specificity, the bigger the group of people able to recognize the referent and understand the joke

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