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AIM: HOW DO ORGANELLES IMPACT A CELL’S ACTIVITY?

AIM: HOW DO ORGANELLES IMPACT A CELL’S ACTIVITY?. Do Now:. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex? cells → tissues → organs → organ systems tissues → organisms → cells → organ systems cells → tissues → organ systems → organs

serina-stephenson
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AIM: HOW DO ORGANELLES IMPACT A CELL’S ACTIVITY?

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  1. AIM: HOW DO ORGANELLES IMPACT A CELL’S ACTIVITY?

  2. Do Now: Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex? • cells → tissues → organs → organ systems • tissues → organisms → cells → organ systems • cells → tissues → organ systems → organs • organs → organisms → organ systems → cells

  3. What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things? • cell • tissue • organ • system

  4. Inside the Cell

  5. Cells have structures within them that perform specific jobs to help the cell survive. • These structures are called Organelles. ....they actually do work for the cell, by carrying out life functions.

  6. Size of Organelles • Organelles vary in size • They became visible to the scientist with the advancement of scientific technique and equipment. • Ex.) compound light microscope, electron microscope and centrifuge

  7. Organelles are similar to Organs • Just like the Organs of your body, organelles work together to perform specialized functions that help maintain HOMEOSTASIS within the cell. • Homeostasis is a balance or steady state both inside and outside the cell that helps an organism to survive. • Failure of homeostasis is known as disease!

  8. Cell (plasma) Membrane • Semi-permeable (selectively permeable) membrane (covering) • Protects the inside of the cell from the outside environment • Controls what molecules enter and exit the cell • Recognizes chemical signals

  9. Fluid Mosaic Model • Shows the parts of the cell (plasma) membrane: lipid bi-layer (bi=2), proteins

  10. Lipid bi-layer • Allowssmall molecules to pass into the cell ex.) gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide) glucose (simple sugar) • Prevents large molecules from entering or exiting the cell ex.) starch

  11. Proteins • Proteins allow large, charged and odd shaped molecules to enter and exit the cell. • They also serve as receptor and recognition proteins for chemical signals (life function: REGULATION)

  12. Nucleus • Located near the center of the cell • Contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes • Allows transfer of this DNA during REPRODUCTION (life function) *Nucleoluslocated inside nucleus and it makes ribosomes.

  13. Cytoplasm • Jelly-like material inside the cell that is eighty percent water • Hold the organelles • Moves materials around the cell • Chemical reactions take place here

  14. Mitochondria(on) • Small membrane bound organelle where cellular respiration takes place. • Cellular Respiration is the process that converts food energy into a usable form or ENERGY for the cell  ATP (Adenosine tri-phosphate)

  15. Ribosome • Small dense organelle that serves as the site for protein production • Can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to an organelle known as the endoplasmic reticulum. ribosome

  16. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Is the home of ribosomes (protein makers) • Transports proteins, created by ribosomes, to the cell membrane where they will be used or secreted by the cell.

  17. Chloroplast • Chlorophyll (pigment in plants) containing structure • Found in plants and algae • Where photosynthesis takes place * Photosynthesis is the use of SOLAR energy to combine inorganicmolecules (H2O, CO2) to create the organic molecule, glucose (sugar) .

  18. Which statement regarding the functioning of the cell membrane of all organisms is not correct? • The cell membrane forms a boundary that separates the cellular contents from the outside environment. • The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals. • The cell membrane forms a barrier that keeps all substances that might harm the cell from entering the cell. • The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.

  19. AIM: HOW DO ORGANELLES IMPACTS A CELL’S ACTIVITY? The Sequel

  20. Centriole • Located in primarily animal cells • Involved in the process of cell division (life functions: growth/reproduction)

  21. Vacuole • Membrane bound organelle containing • Water • Enzymes • And other substances • Serves as food storage (NUTRITION), non-removable waste (EXCRETION) or secretion products. • Lysosome is a special vacuole that aids in nutrition using enzymes to digest by merging with food vacuoles.

  22. Golgi complex • Accepts made proteins and transports them to cell membrane for use inside or outside the cell.

  23. Cell Wall • Provides structure and support for the cell • Protects the cell • Found mostly in plant cells, made of cellulose cell wall • Work like a skeleton for the plant cell!

  24. Which diagram represents an organelle that contains the enzymes needed to synthesize ATP in the presence of oxygen? 3. 1. 4. 2.

  25. Homeostasis in unicellular organisms depends on the proper functioning of • organelles • insulin • guard cells • antibodies

  26. The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in • a nucleus • a chromosome • a protein molecule • an enzyme molecule

  27. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function? • cell membrane—storage of hereditary information • chloroplast—transport of materials • ribosome—synthesis of proteins • vacuole—production of ATP

  28. HOW DO ORGANELLES IMPACTS A CELL’S ACTIVITY?

  29. Aim: How cells differ? Do Now: State the cell Theory: • All living things are made up of one (uni-cellular organism) or more cells (multi-cellular organism). • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. • All cells arise from existing cells.

  30. In all living things cells have the same basic structure

  31. Cellular Diversity

  32. Differentiation • The process by which a less specialized cell develops or matures to possess a more distinct form and function.

  33. State ways in which a single cell organism, such as an ameba, and a human body cell are alike. 1.) They contain similar structures (organelles) 2.) They are the basic unit that performs life function for the organism

  34. Label your cell diagrams

  35. Differences between animal and plant cells Cell wall Centrioles Chloroplast Shape of cell

  36. structure 1 In the diagram below, which structure performs a function similar to a function of the human lungs? • structure 1 • structure 2 • structure 3 • structure 4

  37. Some human body cells are shown in the diagrams below. These groups of cells represent different • tissues in which similar cells function together • organs that help to carry out a specific life activity • systems that are responsible for a specific life activity • organelles that carry out different functions

  38. Which statement best compares a multicellular organism to a single-celled organism? • A multicellular organism has organ systems that interact to carry out life functions, while a single-celled organism carries out life functions without using organ systems. • A single-celled organism carries out fewer life functions than each cell of a multicellular organism. • A multicellular organism always obtains energy through a process that is different from that used by a single-celled organism. • The cell of a single-celled organism is always much larger than an individual cell of a multicellular organism.

  39. Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fat cells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells. A biologist would most likely infer that fat tissue • does not require energy • has energy requirements equal to those of thyroid tissue • requires less energy than thyroid tissue • requires more energy than thyroid tissue

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