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Linguistics

Linguistics . The seventeenth week. Chapter 4 Syntax. 4.7 Systemic functional grammar. Key point. Systemic functional grammar. Difficult point. 1. Interpersonal function 2.Textual function. Interpersonal function.

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Linguistics

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  1. Linguistics The seventeenth week

  2. Chapter 4 Syntax • 4.7 Systemic functional grammar

  3. Key point • Systemic functional grammar

  4. Difficult point • 1. Interpersonal function • 2.Textual function

  5. Interpersonal function • Language serves to set up and main social and personal relations, including communication roles such as questioner and respondent, and to express the language user’s own attitudes and comments on the content of an utterance. Ths function of language is called interpersonal function.

  6. Traditionally, sentences are classified as declarative, interrogative and imperative. • Declaratives are used to give informatin, and perform the function of statements; interrogatives are used to request something, and perform the function of question; imperatives are used to give instructions and perfome the function of commands. • The declarative utterance “You’re going out” could function as a question or an order depending on the intonation patterns.

  7. Mood • What we are essentially talking abut here is the subject of mood in language structure. One obvious way in which mood is signaled is by the inclusion of specific words such as please, possibly, kindly, frankly. But mood is also signaled through the syntax of sentences.

  8. Halliday identifies two sorts of exchanges • The first consists of demamds for, and offers of, goods and services of some kind. E.x. Give me a cookie. • The second consists of demands for, and offers of, linguistic information. E.x. What is he giving her?

  9. Halliday • What children first learn to speak are exchanges of the goods and services. • The use of language for the exchange of information comes later.

  10. (iii) Textual function • Language makes links with itself and with feature of the situation in which it is used. • This is what enables the speaker or writer to construct a text, and enables the listener or reader to distinguish a text from a random set of sentence. • This function of language is called textual function.

  11. we have to decide how to order the parts of the message • (a) To make it clear to our audience • (b) To emphasize, or make prominent, the essential elements of it.

  12. Marked and unmarked uses • Similarly the requiremetn to make our messages clear means that we normally try to ensure that items which are semantically close are syntactically close. • Thus, (1a) is more marked in structure than (1b) because of the separation of the clause when we were due to leave from the noun phrase, the day.

  13. Thematic relations • The theme is the first constituent, and it denotes the strting point of the clause--- what is going to be about. • Rheme---the rest of the clause--- the information that is new.

  14. Assignment • What is interpersonal function according to Halliday”?

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