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Bellringer #3

Bellringer #3. What do you already know about the Protestant Reformation? Who was involved? When did it begin? What were some of the new ideas? Write 1 paragraph!. The Protestant Reformation. Chapter 14 Sections 3 & 4. Essential Questions.

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Bellringer #3

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  1. Bellringer #3 • What do you already know about the Protestant Reformation? Who was involved? When did it begin? What were some of the new ideas? • Write 1 paragraph!

  2. The Protestant Reformation Chapter 14 Sections 3 & 4

  3. Essential Questions • What were the characteristics of Northern Renaissance (Christian) Humanism? • What were the chief ideas of Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism? • What role did politics play in the creation and spread of the Protestant Reformation?

  4. Causes of the Reformation • Renaissance ideas (humanism, glorification of the individual) • The Catholic Church after the Middle Ages was weaker (plague, political control) • Printing press (allowed information to spread faster, allowed lay people to read the Bible for themselves)

  5. Northern Renaissance(Christian) Humanism • Taken from Italian Renaissance humanism’s study of the classics • Goal was to reform Christendom • Desiderius Erasmus • Studied original Christian texts • Handbook of the Christian Knight – Christianity should show how to live, not be rules to get saved • Praise of Folly (1511) – criticized popes

  6. Corruption of the Church • Renaissance Popes (1450 – 1520) • Worried about Italian politics (Papal States) • Financial problems (buying art) • Pluralism • Absenteeism • Indulgences • Sell of salvation • People wanted a more meaningful religious experience

  7. Martin Luther • Born in Germany (Nov. 10, 1483) • Studied law until deciding to become a monk • Studied the Bible • New idea – justification by faith • Salvation was not through good works, but through faith

  8. Martin Luther • Selling of indulgences angered Luther • Pope Leo X trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica • Johann Tetzel • Ninety-Five Theses (October 31, 1517) • Wittenberg, Germany • Attack on the church and the sell of indulgences • Printed copies spread throughout Germany • Pope Leo X excommunicates in Jan. 1521 • Diet of Worms-Luther was made an outlaw

  9. Lutheranism • Translated New Testament into German • Salvation through faith alone (not through the church) • Bible is only source of religious truth • Peasant’s War • Sided with rulers to keep peace • The Peace of Ausberg • The division of Christianity was formally accepted

  10. Bellringer #4 • Explain what is meant by justification by grace through faith alone. • List three major areas of corruption within the Catholic Church that led to the Reformation. • According to Erasmus, what should be the chief concerns of the Christian Church?

  11. Swiss Reforms (Zwinglianism) • Huldrych Zwingli (1484 – 1531) • Like Lutheranism – salvation through faith alone • Different • Wanted a theocracy (church city-state) in Zurich • Zwingli’s forces defeated by Catholics

  12. Swiss Reforms (Calvinism) • John Calvin – born in France in 1509 • Studied theology, law, and humanism • Wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion • Predestination – belief that God is all powerful and predestined those who were saved • Geneva – began to reform as a theocracy

  13. English Religious Reform • Henry VIII – wanted a male heir • Catherine of Aragon – daughter Mary • Nephew was Charles V of HRE • Asked pope for a divorce, pope denied • Henry turns to Parliament for help • Act of Supremacy (1534) – King became head of English church, not the pope • Church keeps most Catholic traditions

  14. English Religious Reform • Henry’s Wives • 6 wives = 1 son • Edward VI (sickly, dies in teens) • Protestant reforms put in changes to the Anglican Church • Mary (“Bloody Mary”) – Catholic, burned Protestants at the stake • Elizabeth I – Protestant, Anglican Church • Puritans – “purify” the English church

  15. Anabaptists • Did not want states to have power over religion • Favored by middle and lower class • Adult baptism, all members equal • Separation of church and state • Would not hold political office or fight in the army

  16. Catholic Reformation • Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Ignatius of Loyola • Spread Catholicism • Council of Trent • Re-affirmed traditional Catholic beliefs • Ended selling of indulgences • Inquisition • Censorship • Art • Latin only language to read the Bible • Baroque style – emotional

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