Chapter 11: Political Developments in the Early Republic

1. Chapter 11: Political Developments in the Early Republic Mr. Meza 8th Grade U.S. History

2. 11.3 “Washington as President” • New government lacked funds • The excise tax upsets farmers in Pennsylvania • The Whiskey Rebellion • The French Revolution • Washington’s farewell address points out two threats • Problems with countries • Political disagrements

3. 1. What three departments made up President Washington’s cabinet? • Department of State = handle relations with other countries • The Department of War = to defend the nation • The Treasury Department = oversee the nation’s finances

4. 2. What did Congress agree to do in 1791, why? • Placed an excise tax on whiskey and other luxury goods (production or sale of a product) • Because the new government lacked funds

5. 3. What happened in western Pennsylvania in 1794? • The Whiskey Rebellion • Tax rebels (“Whiskey Boys”) tarred and feathered tax collectors

6. 4. How did President Washington react to the rebellion? • Viewed the rebellion as a threat to the authority of the Nat‘l government • Led 13,000 troops to stop the rebellion

7. 5. According to Washington, what two threats faced the nation’s future? • Problems with other countries • Fighting with parties could tear the country apart

8. 11.4 – “Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist Party” • Delegate from New York born in the West Indies • Limit the power of the common people • “Best people” – educated, wealthy, public-spirited men • Strong economy/national bank, 1791 • Loose construction – flexibility or broad interpretation of the Constitution • The French Revolution

9. 6. Characteristics of the Federalist Party.. • Favored strong central government • National bank • The “best people” rule – wealthy, educated men • Minimal power to common people

10. 7. What did Hamilton believe would make the U.S. great? • A strong economy • National bank

11. 8. What is loose construction? • To give Congress powers not specified in the Constitution • Allow Congress to create a national bank

12. 9. What would a national bank provide? • Help collect taxes • Print paper money • Loans for businesspeople (factories and ships)

13. 10. Why did Federalist favor a good relationship with G.B.? • G.B. was a powerful country the U.S. would hope to become one day • Powerful and respected

14. 11.5 “Thomas Jefferson and the Republican Party” • Opposed federalist views on a national government and supported a state government • Democracy (informed citizens make good decisions) • Strict construction – only powers specified in the Constitution • Economy based on agriculture

15. 11. Characteristics of the Republican Party.. • Believed in a small government with limited powers • Common people should have power

16. 12. What is Strict Construction? • Narrow interpretation of the Constitution • Congress only had the powers specified in the Constitution

17. 13. What kind of government was favored by Republicans? • Believed state governments were closer to the people and easy to control • Limited powers

18. 14. What were republican views on the economy? • Favored an economy based on agriculture • National bank only loaned to businessmen not farmers

19. Federalist vs. Republicans Americans

20. 15. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? • A set of laws aimed at non-citizens • Republicans saw it as an attack to their party and their freedom of speech and press

21. 16.What is the state rights theory? • Rights not specifically given to the federal government remain with the state • States could nullify laws = refused to recognize federal laws

22. 17. What is the twelfth amendment? • (1804) Calls for the Electoral College to cast separate ballots for president and vice-president • Was added to avoid ties in a presidential election

23. 18. Why is the election of 1800 considered a peaceful revolution? • Power passed from one party (Federalist) to another (Republican) without violence