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THE PLACE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE NIGERIAN ENERGY SECTOR *. Prof Abubakar S. Sambo , OON, NPOM Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki , Abuja, Nigeria Email: dg@energy.gov.ng or assambo@yahoo.com.
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THE PLACE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE NIGERIAN ENERGY SECTOR* Prof Abubakar S. Sambo, OON, NPOM Director-General, Energy Commission of Nigeria Plot 701C, Central Area, PMB 358, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria Email: dg@energy.gov.ng or assambo@yahoo.com *Presented at the World Future Council Workshop on Renewable Energy Policies, 10th October, 2009, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
INTRODUCTION • Total Area: 92.4 million hectares (Land 86%, Water 14%) • Forest and Woodlands: 11.6% • Polity: Democracy (Presidential System) • Population: 151 million (2008) • Economic Indicators: • GDP growth rate: 5.3% (2008) • Inflation rate: 5.0% (2008) • Exchange rate: 1$ = N160 (2008) • Major contributor to foreign exchange earnings: oil ( 88.6% in 2008) • Social Indicators in 2008 • GDP/Capita: $1,170 • Energy Intensity 0.17 kgoe/$ • Energy Consumption/Capita: 0.153 toe • Urbanization: 40% • Population Growth rate: 2.2% • Adult Literacy rate: 69% • Life Expectancy : 54 years • Incidence of poverty 54%
ENERGY RESOURCES IN NIGERIA Table 1:Fossil and Nuclear Type Resources
ENERGY RESOURCES……………. Cont’d Table 2:Renewable Energy Resource
POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK • A National Energy Policy was approved by the Government in 2003 with the overall thrust of optimal utilization of the nation’s energy resources; both conventional and renewable, for sustainable development and with the active participation of the private sector. • The policy articulated amongst other things that: • Extensive crude oil and natural gas exploration and development shall be pursued with the view to increasing their reserves base to the highest level possible. • The nation shall continue to engage extensively in the development of electric power with the view to making reliable electricity available to 75% of the population by 2020; as well as to broaden the energy options for generating electricity. • In 2005, an Act of the National Assembly was passed into law liberalizing the electricity sector; thus, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission and the Rural Electrification Agency were established therefrom. • In 2008, the reform of the oil and gas sector to make it more business driven as recommended by the OGIC is in the process of being backed by a law.
THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria, Produced in 2006 with Support from the UNDP: • Articulates : • Nigeria’s vision for achieving sustainable development. • A road map for renewable energy to help achieve this vision. • Envisions : • An economy that gradually move from a monolithic fossil economy to one driven by an increasing share of renewable energy in the national energy mix. • Exploiting renewable energy in quantities and at prices that will promote the achievement of equitable and sustainable growth. • An energy transition from crude oil to a less carbon intensive economy increasingly powered by gas and increasing role for RE.
THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN (cntd…) Objectives of the REMP • The overall objective of the REMP is to articulate a roadmap for national development through the accelerated development and exploitation of renewable energy. • The REMP which will provide a comprehensive framework for developing renewable energy, will ensure: • Expanding access to energy services to Nigerians, • Raising the standard of living, especially in the rural areas, • Stimulating economic growth, employment and empowerment, • Increasing the scope and quality of rural services, including, schools, health services, water supply, information, entertainment and stemming the migration to urban areas, • Reducing environmental degradation and health risks, particularly to vulnerable groups such as women and children.
THE RENEWABLE ENERGY MASTERPLAN (cntd…) • The electricity demand projections for the four economic growth scenarios, 7%, 10%, 11.5% and 13% under industrializing conditions are as shown in Table 4
TARGETS OF THE REMP Targets for Renewable Energy Contribution to Electricity Generation (MW) in Nigeria
TARGETS OF THE REMP (cntd…) • Electricity access to rise to 75% by 2025 Expected Access by 2025 Expected Access by 2015 Access by 2005
7.2 kWp PV Village Electrification, Kwalkwalawa, Sokoto State by SERC SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS 5 kW Wind Power for Village Electrification, Sayya Gidan Gada, Sokoto State built by SERC Solar PV Internet Back-up at Nunet, UDU, Sokoto Wind Electrification at Sayya Gidan Gada, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State
SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd…) • Title: Community Based Pilot Water Heater • Location: UDUTH • Capacity: 1000 litres • Cost: N420,000:00 • Year: 1998 • Objective: Water heating • Sponsor: ECN • Beneficiary: Gynae Lying-in Ward UDUTH Solar Water Heater developed by NCERD • Title: Riser & Spiral Water Heater • Location: SERC Demonstration Area, • Capacity: 20 litres • Cost:; N7,000:00 • Year: 2003 • Objective: Research, Development. & Demonstration • Sponsor: SERC • Beneficiary: Staff & Students A 1000-litre Solar Water Heating System at the Maternity Ward of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto constructed by SERC.
SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd…) A 2-Tonne Dryer at NAPRI, Zaria, constructed by SERC 2-Tonne Solar Rice Dryer at Adarice Co. Enugu state, built by NCERD Large Scale Solar Dryer
SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd…) Fixed dome Biogas digester at Mayflower Secondary School, Ikenne, Ogun state SAMPLES OF HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS DIGESTERS – NCERD, NSUKKA
SOME RE PILOT PROJECTS (cntd…) • Title: Pilot Double hole improved wood stove • Location: GGCSS Argungu • Capacity: Average of 40-40 person • Cost: N5,000 • Year: 2006 • Objective: Cooking • Sponsor: SERC • Beneficiary: School Community • Title: Single Hole Improved Wood burning stove • Location: GGSS, Argungu, Kebbi State • Capacity: Average family of 15-20 persons • Year: 2006 • Objective: Cooking • Sponsor: SERC • Beneficiary: School Community Improved Wood Burning Stove • Title: Improved Wood stoves just constructed before firing • Location: Danjawa Village, Wamakko LG, Sokoto State
MAJOR CHALLENGES • Despite the installed petroleum products refining capacity of 445,000 barrel/day and electricity generation capacity in excess of 6,000 MW, Nigeria imports over 70% of its petroleum products requirement while electricity supply is inadequate at just about 3,000 MW. • Coal and renewable energy resources are grossly under utilized in the country despite their availability in reasonable quantities. • Huge investment is required to upgrade and expand our power generation, transmission and distribution systems, which government alone cannot provide in view of other pressing demands of the economy. • Good potentials exist in the upstream business in the off-shore, on-shore and inland basins of the country, as well as in the downstream oil and gas business. Similar potentials exist in the power sector. • The level of utilisation of the nation’s huge renewable energy resources is rather too low.
CONCLUSION • With the vast renewable energy resources and a National Energy Policy(NEP) as well as a National Renewable Energy Masterplan(NREMP), Nigeria is well positioned to up-scale the use of renewable energy. • The way forward for Nigeria is pass the NEP and the NREMP into law to ensure their sustained implementation from one government to another.