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Religion in Norway: From Norse religion to Lutheran State Church Pål Ketil Botvar, KIFO

Religion in Norway: From Norse religion to Lutheran State Church Pål Ketil Botvar, KIFO. Some characteristics of the religious situation in Norway. Members in religious communities 2009. Questions to discuss in part 1. How was the Lutheran State Church established in Norway?

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Religion in Norway: From Norse religion to Lutheran State Church Pål Ketil Botvar, KIFO

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  1. Religion in Norway:From Norse religion to Lutheran State Church Pål Ketil Botvar, KIFO KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  2. Some characteristics of the religious situation in Norway KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  3. Members in religious communities 2009 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  4. Questions to discuss in part 1 • How was the Lutheran State Church established in Norway? • In what way has the pietistic laymen`s movement influenced the Church? • What role did religion play in the struggle for democracy and national freedom? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  5. 866 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  6. Norse mythology (Thor – the hammer-wielding god) Mårten Eskil Winge, 1872

  7. Stave Church (Urnes, West coast) KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  8. Hans Nielsen Hauge KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  9. Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771-1824) • Born in Tune in Østfold (south-east) • Had a religious experience in 1796 • Set out to convert people to ”true Christianity” • Started a revival-movement within the Church • Critical to the clergy but not to the state church system • Started many new industries • Imprisonned for many years KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  10. The Haugians (A. Tidemand 1852) KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  11. The Parliament of Norway (1866+) KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  12. Summary – historic background • Norway Christianized around 1000 by Olav Haraldson • Lutheran State Church after the Reformation • Hans Nielsen Hauge formed religious life 1800-1900 • Many pietistic missionary movements formed ca. 1850 • They laymen supported the fight for national freedom • The church was split in the view on Parliamentarism • The countercultural movements opposed the urban elites • The church reunited in the fight against unbelief • Christian People Party built on the laymen's movement KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  13. The effect of religion on modernisation KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  14. Religion in Norway 1991-2008Secularisation or re-sacralisation? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  15. Questions to discuss: • How has secularization influenced the population? • What are the implications of religious privatization? • Does religion still play a role in the public life? • In what way does Norway differ from USA and EU? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  16. Structural changes in Norway 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  17. Belief in God 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  18. Belief in Christian dogmas 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  19. Religious behaviour 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  20. Alternative religiousity 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  21. Religious versus spiritual 1991-2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  22. Summary ”religious beliefs” • Some decline in Christian view of God • More people are ”non-believers” • Decline in traditional religious behaviour • As many as before are ”religious” • New forms of spirituality on the rise • Still strong position of national Church • Secularization at a lower speed.. KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  23. Views on public religion, 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  24. Who can wear religious symbols? KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  25. Religious symbols in Military – geography KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  26. Religious symbols in military – gender/age KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  27. Religious symbols in Militarty – attendance KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  28. Religious symbols in Military – education KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  29. Religious symbols in Military – pol parties KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  30. Summary – public religion • Attitudes varies with nearness to the state • Tolerance for religious leaders in media • Low tolerance for religion in politics • Women, young, educated tolerant • People in Oslo more tolerant than others • People in cities more tolerant than others • Church active more tolerant than others KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  31. Belief in God ISSP 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  32. Religious practise ISSP 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  33. Views on religion ISSP 2008 KIFO – Centre for Church Research

  34. Summary–international comparison • Norwegians do not believe as much in God as Americans • Norwegians believe more often in ”a higher power” • Norwegians go less often to chuch, but visit ”holy places” as often as Americans • Norwegians and Americans have the same level of confidence in the churches and are both against religious leaders influencing government decitions KIFO – Centre for Church Research

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