Henrik N. Poulsen 1 , John Bowers 1 , Daniel J. Blumenthal 1 , Nick McKeown 2 ,

1. Future Internet Architecture:The NSF FIND ProgramDynamic Optical Circuit Switched (DOCS) Networks for Future Large Scale Dynamic Networking Environments Henrik N. Poulsen1, John Bowers1, Daniel J. Blumenthal1, Nick McKeown2, and Biswanath Mukherjee3 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara henrik@ece.ucsb.edu 2Stanford University, 3UC Davis

2. FIND: Future Internet Design Darleen Fisher, Guru Parulkar CISE National Science Foundationdlfisher@nsf.gov Challenge: Research Community to Create Future Internet -- Internet for the 21st Century Broadnets 2006

3. The Future Internet Requirements • Be worthy of our society’s trust • Even for managing and operating critical infrastructures • Provide a bridge between physical and virtual worlds • Via instrumented and managed sensorized physical environment • Support pervasive computing • From wireless devices to supercomputers • From wireless channels to all optical light-paths • Enable further innovations in S&E research • Seamless access to networked instruments, supercomputers, storage, etc. • Create a social world in which we would want to live Broadnets 2006

4. What is Different This Time? • Clean-slate approach • To overcome Internet ossification • Research not constrained by the features of the current Internet • A comprehensive coordinated effort • Ability to try different approaches (We do not have a preconceived idea of what they are) • Ability to experiment at scale • With real users and applications Broadnets 2006

5. Present: Opaque OEO Optical Networks Issues: • Doesn’t scale in power or footprint • Expensive OEO interfaces • Static, opex intensive Broadnets 2006

6. Dynamic Optical Circuit Switched (DOCS) Networks • Optical circuit switch reduces power consumption—switch wavelengths rather than switching bits. • Smaller, simpler than optical packet switching. • Compact • Low latency Broadnets 2006

7. Dynamic Optical Circuit Switched (DOCS) Network Example Broadnets 2006

8. What is needed for a DOCS network? • Optical switches • DWDM mux/demux (Integrated with switch?) • Control plane • Synchronization between control plane and optics Broadnets 2006

9. Dynamic optical circuit switched node Broadnets 2006

10. Is Silicon Photonics the solution for low cost circuit switching? Broadnets 2006

11. Silicon Evanescent Photonics Integrated Circuit Technology • An approach to integrate passive optical components with active photonic components (lasers, amplifiers, modulators) and electronics. • Mode remains in Silicon • Amplification and modulation in III-V Broadnets 2006

12. Continuous Wave Electrically Pumped Hybrid Silicon Evanescent Laser • Mode determined by Si waveguide • Low temperature (300 C) bonding • Electrical pumping: 60 mA Ith • CW operation up to 40 C • Pulsed operation up to 80 C • Arrays (26 working lasers/bar) Fang et al., Optics Express, Oct. 2, 2006. Broadnets 2006

13. Silicon Evanescent Photonics Integrated Circuit Technology An approach to integrate passive optical components with active photonic components (lasers, amplifiers, modulators) and electronics: Example: Wavelength converter J. Bowers et al., Device Research Conference, 2006. Broadnets 2006

14. Issues • Control plane must be simple to allow low latency and high switching granularity • Complex control plane would most likely result in large latency • Integration must be simple, low loss, inexpensive • Standardized production • Manufacturing must be capable of high volume, minimal handling • Drive cost down • Optical Performance Monitoring • Electrically switched networks have spoiled us – we have access to all kinds of performance data • Can a set of performance data be defined that can be monitored optically? Broadnets 2006