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Organic Chemistry

The element carbon (C) is a component of almost all biological molecules. Organic Chemistry. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost energy level. One carbon atom can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. The element carbon (C) is a component of almost all biological molecules. Organic Chemistry

  2. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost energy level. One carbon atom can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. Carbon compounds can be in the shape of straight chains, branched chains, and rings. Organic Chemistry

  3. Composed of long chains of smaller molecules. Smallest units (monomers) form larger units (polymers). There are four groups of organic compounds found in living things… Macromolecules

  4. Proteins (Polypeptide) • A compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids. • 20 different amino acids are divided into two categories: • Essential = must be ingested (9) • Non-Essential = can be produced in the body (11)

  5. Proteins • Enzymes • Required for building and repair of body tissues • Hemoglobin (carries Oxygen to your cells) • Immune system • Essential body processes such as : • water balancing • nutrient transport • muscle contractions • Protein is a source of energy • Protein helps keep skin, hair, and nails healthy

  6. Carbohydrates Values of n ranging from three to seven are called simple sugars, or monosaccharides. (ex. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose) Two monosaccharides joined together form a disaccharide. (ex. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose) Longer carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides. (ex. Glycogen, Amylose, Cellulose, Chitin)

  7. Carbohydrates

  8. Carbohydrates Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. Polymer (cellulose) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure monomer

  9. Carbohydrates • Organisms use carbohydrates as a primary source of energy. • Plants use carbohydrates for structural support

  10. Lipids Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen. Fat if solid at room temperature Oil if it is liquid at room temperature

  11. Lipids that have tail chains with only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called saturated fats. • Lipids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the tail chain are called unsaturated fats. • Fats with more than one double bond in the tail are called polyunsaturated fats.

  12. Lipids Triglyceride

  13. Lipids Uses: Lipids can be broken down as a source of energy. Lipids make up cell membranes. Lipid are used to make human hormones (steroids).

  14. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information. Nucleic acids are made of smaller repeating subunits called nucleotides, composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms. nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base A phosphate group deoxyribose (sugar)

  15. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic info in two forms: Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

  16. http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=284&id=1431#3http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetailsKids.aspx?p=335&np=284&id=1431#3

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