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Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT

Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT. R. Papaleo. Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001. The detection of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin is one of the major challenges for coming years in astroparticle physics.

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Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT

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  1. Technical Solutions for NEMO PROJECT R. Papaleo Villa OLMO, 15-19 October 2001

  2. The detection of high energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin is one of the major challenges for coming years in astroparticle physics. • It is widely accepted that only a underwater cherenkov detector of 1 km3 scale could identify the astrophysical sources of these neutrinos. • The NEMO Collaborations has carried out in the past three years an R&D project aimed at: • Selection and characterization of an deep sea site for the deployment of the km3 detector in the Mediterranean Sea. • A feasibility study for the km3 detector in cooperation with leading companies in submarine and engineering and operations. • We have evaluated several solution for: • Layout of the telescope • Mechanical structure • Data transmission system • Power distribution • Deployment of the telescope

  3. NEMO Collaboration List INFN: Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Messina, Roma CNR: Istituto di Oceanografia Fisica di La Spezia Istituto di Biologia del Mare di Venezia Istituto Talassografico di Messina Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale Marina Militare Italiana Fondazione “Ugo Bordoni” Università: Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Catania, Genova, Messina,Roma “La Sapienza” R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  4. Sites studied by the NEMO collaboration: 35 50’ N, 16 10’ E (3350m) Mar Jonio (Capo Passero) 39 05’ N, 13 20’ E (3400m) Mar Tirreno (Ustica)) 39 05’ N, 14 20’ E (3400m) Mar Tirreno (Alicudi) 40 40’ N, 12 45’ E (3500m) Mar Tirreno (Ponza) R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  5. 100 Km The Capo Passero region Three sites explored KM2 36°10’ N 16°19’E, depth 3350m KM3 36°30’ N 15°50’E, depth 3345m KM4 36°19’N, 16°04’E, depth 3341m KM3 KM4 KM2 R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  6. Summary of NEMOdeep sea exploration • The preliminary results show that Capo Passero site has all the required characteristics for the installation of a km3 detector: • it is close to the coast (~ 80 km) • depth it is~3300 m • the measured currents intensities are low and regular (<10 cm/s) • the light transmission length is ~60 m • the biological activity and the sedimentation rate are low • it is close to existing infrastructure (LNS-INFN) R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  7. NEMO PROJECT SHORESTATION ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  8. Layout • 64 STRINGS and/or TOWERS • 8 ROWS • 8 COLUMNS • 200m Distance between ROWS • 200m Distance between COLUMNS • 8 JUNCTION BOXES • 8 BRANCHING UNITS • 100 km ELECTRO OPTICAL CABLE FROM SHORE • 4096 OPTICAL MODULES Upper View R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  9. Electro Optical Cable Electrical wire • Nexans is a leading company in the field of telecom underwater cables. • Main characteristics of the EOC: • Length 100 km • Power load 80 kW • Optical fibers 48 • They have evaluated different solutions (mechanical and electrical aspects, complete cable designs, cable cost,manufacture time, ..): • AC voltage • DC voltage – monopolar system (sea return) • DC voltage – bipolar system (cable return) • In order to make a qualified decision of what power system to implement for the NEMO project, It is necessary to perform an evaluation of the complete power system, including cable, transformers, AC/DC converters, rectifiers, the required voltage stability, etc … Optical fibers AC voltage DC voltage – bipolar system R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  10. NEMO structure Connections • Length of the connection cables JB - string • 100 m • 300 m • 500 m • 700 m String View of a telescope row Jumper JB - String Jumper JB - JB Branching unit Junction Box Jumper JB - BU Branching unit R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  11. Underwater Connectors and Jumpers Wet-mateable hybrid [optical / electrical] Mate up to 8 optical fibers and/or electrical circuits underwater. Available in ROV, manual and stab-plate versions with single and/or multi-mode optical fiber. In a single connector, multiple channels allow for higher fiber count, maintenance flexibility and expansion. Ocean Design is a leading company in the manufacture of underwater wet matable connectors, JB – JB jumper and JB – BU jumpers. • Specification • 100 mate cycles without refurbishment • < 0.5 dB attenuation/optical contact • 10 amps at 1,000 volts electrical circuit • 10,000 psi operation, • 80 lbs mating force for ROV format R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  12. 750 m 150 m STRING a la ANTARES String base Optical Module Frame R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  13. TOWER a la NEMO 750 m Electro optical cable Beam Electronic module Optical Module R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  14. Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’EnergiaUniversità degli Studi di Catania POWER DISTRIBUTION It has been evaluated, in collaboration with the University of Catania – Research Group of Electric System, different solutions for the power distribution: 1. Single cable JB-tower base, single cable tower base- tower plane (1JB-1TP); 2.Single cable JB-tower base, single cable tower base- tower plane with transformer at the tower base (1JB-TR-1TP) ; 3. Single cable JB-tower base, 16 cables tower base – tower plane (1JB-16TP); 4. Single cable JB-tower base, 16 cables tower base – tower plane (1JB-16TP), with transformer (1JB-TR-16TP). G. Tina R. Cocimano R. Papaleo

  15. Tower plane Transformer    = = = JB LOAD 16 LOAD 2 LOAD 0 LOAD 1 JB   ROV Connector Junction box Base of the tower = = Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’EnergiaUniversità degli Studi di Catania    = = = LOAD 16 LOAD 2 LOAD 0 LOAD 1 CASO 1JB-1PT 1JB-TR-1PT G. Tina R. Cocimano R. Papaleo

  16.  JB JB = = LOAD 0 LOAD 0 LOAD 1 LOAD 2 LOAD 16 LOAD 1 LOAD 2 LOAD 16 Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’EnergiaUniversità degli Studi di Catania     = = = =   = = CASO 1JB-16PT 1JB-TR-16PT G. Tina R. Cocimano R. Papaleo

  17. Gruppo di Ricerca di Sistemi Elettrici per l’EnergiaUniversità degli Studi di Catania PMT PMT PMT PMT  = Centralina sensors Power load on a tower plane G. Tina R. Cocimano R. Papaleo

  18. G. Tina R. Cocimano R. Papaleo

  19. G. Tina R. Cocimano R. Papaleo

  20. DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ALCATEL proposed a data transmission system according to NEMO specifications. STM 1 One module for each plane of the string.This Optical Module (S-1.1) will be used as Electrical/Optical converter within the customer equipment in both sides, under sea and in the landing station. • Main characteristics : • Standard communication system; • Redundancy system; • High MTBF; • High transmission rate (8 output line @ 20 Gbps) • Low power consume (< 500 W each string and/or tower) 1660 SM One module for each tower of the detector. Each 1660SM will collect all the data coming from the 16 STM 1 of the string. The module will be closed inside a small Junction Box at the base of the string. R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  21. 1 1 57 1 17 9 16 58 2 2 10 18 59 3 32 64xSTM-16 Main 19 11 3 60 4 12 20 48 4 61 5 13 21 64 62 6 22 14 1 5 63 7 15 23 16 64 8 6 24 16 32 64xSTM-16 Spare 7 48 8 16xSTM-1 64 TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM Underwater detector station • Note: • Redundancy system; • Auto configuration of the system in case of malfunctions; • The Sea station is the specular of the Landing station. 1 1660SM – string and/or tower 1686WM – junction box The 1686WM equipments are used to concentrate 16xSTM-16 channel to one lambda (DWDMtechnology). 4x1686WM are necessary to carry the main traffic and other four to carry the protection. R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  22. TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM General Scheme NEMO Spare STM-1 1660SM 1686WM 100 Km. 1686WM Main 1660SM STM-1 Ring Structure SHORE R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  23. From Sea TRANSMISSIOM SYSTEM LANDING station 8x1686WM (they are the equivalent of the 8 junction Boxes) Landing Station 1024xSTM-1 (they are the equivalent of the 1024 planes of the telescope) 64x1660SM (they are the equivalent of the 64 strings and/or towers of the telescope) NMS R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  24. Catania TEST SITE LAB at Port of Catania Port LNS Test site Laboratory R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  25. TEST SITE LAB at Port of Catania • Long term tests for: underwater connections, electronics, mechanical structures, optical and acoustic detectors. • Multidisciplinary laboratory GEOSTAR – POSEIDON on line underwater seismic station LABORATORY UNDERWATER STATION R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  26. LABORATORY at the PORT of CATANIA R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  27. LABORATORY at the PORT of CATANIA Cable Entrance R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  28. TEST SITE CABLE LAYOUT Drop cable 2 - 5.220 m 2.330 m of Double Armed Cable JB JB BU JB 20.595 m of Single Armed Cable Drop cable 1 - 5.000 m • Cable features: • 10 Optics Fiber standard ITU- T G-652 • 6 Electrical Conductors  4 mm2 R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  29. BRANCHING UNIT R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  30. CABLE IN THE VESSEL ON THE SHIP R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  31. Deployment of a joint Cable on the ship Electric connections Fiber optic connections R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  32. Deployment of the branching unit LNS Cable GEOSTAR Cable R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

  33. Deployment of the joint of the main cable Buoys on the cable Shielded cable R. Papaleo Villa Olmo – October 15-19, 2001

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