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America’s Unfinished Revolution 1865-1877

Reconstruction. America’s Unfinished Revolution 1865-1877. President Andrew Johnson. Tried to follow Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction by being lenient to the South The Radical Republican Congress wanted to treat the South harshly

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America’s Unfinished Revolution 1865-1877

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  1. Reconstruction America’s Unfinished Revolution 1865-1877

  2. President Andrew Johnson • Tried to follow Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction by being lenient to the South • The Radical Republican Congress wanted to treat the South harshly • After the war Johnson would pardon anyone who took an oath of allegiance • Johnson battled with a Radical Republican Congress his whole presidency • Johnson vetoed most of his Congress’ measures but they overrode his veto and eventually impeached him for violating the Tenure of Office Act(was acquitted by one vote)

  3. Healing a Broken Nation-1865 • 13th Amendment- Freed the slaves and abolished slavery (1865) • Freedmen’s Bureau-supervised all relief and education relating to refugees and freedmen, including issuing food, clothing and medicine. • The Bureau started over 1,000 schools and assumed custody of confiscated Confederate lands.

  4. Slaves to Citizens-1866-1868 • Civil Rights Act of 1866-Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States except Native Americans • 14th Amendment- All persons born in the United States (except Native Americans) were citizens and entitled to equal rights regardless of race • If southern states wanted to rejoin the Union they had to accept the 14th Amendment

  5. Southern Resistance • Many southerners were violently opposed to giving Black Americans civil rights and took action. • Black Codes- laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to limit opportunities for Blacks

  6. Southern Resistance (Continued) • Jim Crow Laws- laws passed to bypass laws created by the Radical Republicans and any other federal law concerning Black Americans that Southerners did not agree with. • Ku Klux Klan-Secret Society that gained support in 1868 that wanted to destroy the Republican Party in the South and used violence and intimidation against Black Americans and those that tried to help them. • In 1867 535 Black Americans were lynched in the South

  7. Republicans get Radical • Reconstruction Act of 1867- Military occupation of former Confederate States • Created five military districts (not including Tennessee because it ratified the 14th Amendment) • Military leaders could appoint and remove state officials • State documents had to be rewritten to include black male suffrage • Andrew Johnson tried to veto these measures but Congress overrode his veto (for the 1st time)

  8. Black Firsts • Hiram Revels: first black U.S. Senator representing the State of Mississippi • He fought for integration and opportunities for black workers • The seat he occupied previously belonged to Jefferson Davis • Served a year in the Senate before leaving to become a president of a Historically Black College • Twenty two Black American Men would be elected to the U.S. Congress from the end of the Civil War to the turn of the 20th Century

  9. Problems • Scalawags-Southerners who worked with the republicans and were viewed as traitors by Southerners • Carpetbaggers- Northerners who went to the South and became involved in politics and reform. They were not trusted because they often took advantage of Southerners • Share cropping-An agricultural system designed to trap former slaves in a cycle of debt.

  10. Positives…sort of • Homestead Act (1862)-Gave heads of families 160 acres practically for free as long as they improved the land. This accelerated the settlement of the west • Morrill Act (1862 and 1890)- Made it possible for new western states to establish colleges for their citizens and African Americans by giving them land grants. This made education more accessible. • Dawes Act (1887)- Allowed president to break up reservation land and give it to individuals. It was suppose to protect Native Americans but it often did not work.

  11. President Grant- 1869-1877 • 15th Amendment Ratified- Allowed Black men to Vote • Worked with Congress to readmit Virginia, Mississippi, Texas and Georgia back in the Union • Fought for the protection of Native and African Americans(Civil Rights Act of 1875) • Prosecuted and shut down the Ku Klux Klan by 1872 through the Force Acts • Grant’s presidency was ruined by an economic depression and corrupt officials.

  12. Compromise of 1877 AKA The Great Betrayal • Happened over the disputed presidential election of 1876 between Rutherford B Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden (recount anyone?) • Threatening secession and another Civil War, Democrats said they would peacefully accept Hayes as President if he removed all Federal troops from the South • After removing the troops, southerners took away the rights of Black Americans until the Civil Rights movement in the 20th Century

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