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Organic Chemistry

H. H. H. H. C. C. C. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. C. H. H. H. C. H. O. C. H. H. H. C. C. H. H. C. H. C. C. C. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. Organic Chemistry. Write condensed structural formulas for and name common alcohols . Include : uses of common alcohols

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. H H H H C C C H H H H C C H C H H H C H O C H H H C C H H C H C C C H H H H H H H Organic Chemistry

  2. Write condensed structural formulas for and name common alcohols. • Include: uses of common alcohols • Additional KEY Terms • functional group phenols

  3. Derivatives: Organic compounds that replace hydrogen atoms with non-hydrocarbons. Functional groups: Unitswithin organic molecules that are responsiblefor most of the chemical and physical properties. Most derivatives are the functional group.

  4. Alcohols and the Hydroxyl Group

  5. The functional group of alcohol is the hydroxyl group. • general form: R –OH • don’t confuse hydroxyl group with hydroxide ion. hydroxyl group R H O (R represents any hydrocarbon chain)

  6. NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) C4H10OH(l) C4H10OH(aq) Hydroxide ion- inorganic compounds Charged particles attracting to form ionic bond - dissociates in water Hydroxyl group- organic alcohols Covalently bonded functional group - does not dissociate in water

  7. R H O Properties of Alcohols: • Polar covalent: < 5C (small) are soluble in water • Strong IMF (H-bonding)gives high bp/mp δ- δ+

  8. O - H CH3 - CH2 - CH2 O - H CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH - CH3 δ+ δ- polar overall - dissolves In longer chains: The non-polar nature of largehydrocarbonchains hidesthe polar nature of the smallhydroxyl group. non-polar overall δ+ δ-

  9. Glycerol: • C3H8O3 (1,2,3 – propanetriol) • A sugar alcohol used as an artificial sweetener • Major component in fats (triglycerides) • Used in pharmaceuticals / personal care products Strong IMF between the molecules make glycerol really thick, like honey.

  10. Naming Alcohols 1. Identify the parent chain(longest chain with OH) 2. Replace the – e ending with– ol 3. Numberthe carbons (hydroxyl has the lowest #) 4. Number the location of the hydroxyl group. 5. Name any alkyl branches (alphabetically) Alcohols with more than one OH group are named as diols, triols ...

  11. CH3 - CH2 - OH CH2 - CH2 Ethanol OH OH OH CH3 - CH - CH3 2- propanol isopropyl alcohol OH CH3 CH3 - CH- CH- CH2 - CH- CH3 CH2-CH3 drinking alcohol Ethandiol 4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexanol

  12. Condensed - CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH3 4-methyl-2-pentanol

  13. Phenols - one hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring (benzene ring) OH OH OH CH3 CH3 CH3 3-Methylphenol 2-Methylphenol 4-Methylphenol m-cresol o-cresol p-cresol

  14. hydration reaction C C H H O C - C + H H H H O O Double/triple bonds are easily broken

  15. Write condensed structural formulas for and name common alcohols. • Include: uses of common alcohols • Additional KEY Terms • functional group phenols

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