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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Biology and You. Section 1: Themes of Biology. Section 2: Biology in Your World. Section 3: Scientific Processes. Section 1. Themes of Biology. Objectives:. Relate the seven properties of life to a living organism.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Biology and You Section 1: Themes of Biology Section 2: Biology in Your World Section 3: Scientific Processes

  2. Section 1 Themes of Biology Objectives: • Relate the seven properties of life to a living organism. • Describe seven themes that can help you organize what you learn about biology. • Identify the tiny structures that make up all living organisms. • Differentiate between reproduction and heredity and between metabolism and homeostasis.

  3. Section 1 Themes of Biology Characteristics of Living Organisms • Organisms Living organisms are diverse but share certain characteristics. • Properties of Life Seven themes unify the science of biology: cellular structure and function, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, evolution, and interdependence.

  4. Section 1 Themes of Biology Unifying Themes of Biology • Cellular Structure and Function All living organisms are composed of cells. • Reproduction Living organisms reproduce, producing offspring similar to themselves. • Metabolism Living organisms obtain and use energy to stay alive, grow, and develop. • Homeostasis All living organisms respond to their environment and are able to maintain homeostasis.

  5. Section 1 Themes of Biology Unifying Themes of Biology continued • Heredity All living things are able to pass on traits to their offspring through genes that are passed from parent to offspring each generation. • Evolution Evolution has shaped all of life’s diversity. • Interdependence All living organisms depend on one another and their environment.

  6. Section 2 Biology in Your World Objectives: • Evaluate the impact of scientific research on the environment. • Evaluate the impact of scientific research on society with respect to increasing food supplies. • Explain the primary task of the Human Genome Project. • Describe the contributions of scientists in fighting AIDS and cancer. • Define the term gene therapy.

  7. Section 2 Biology in Your World Solving Real-World Problems • Preserving Our Environment Pollution of the atmosphere, extinction of plants and animals, and a growing demand for food are current environmental problems caused by the growing human population. • Improving the Food Supply Genetic engineering is used to develop crops that require fewer fertilizers and pesticides and to develop new crops. • Understanding the Human Genome Scientists are sequencing every human gene, which will be an invaluable tool in medical research.

  8. Section 2 Biology in Your World Fighting Disease • AIDS and Cancer Biological research and new technologies will help scientists battle diseases such as AIDS and cancer. • Emerging Diseases The past few years have seen the emergence of new diseases from other parts of the world such as West Nile virus. • Gene Therapy Gene therapy will help scientists fight genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia.

  9. Section 3 Scientific Processes Objectives: • Describe the stages common to scientific investigations. • Distinguish between forming a hypothesis and making a prediction. • Differentiate a control group from an experimental group and an independent variable from a dependent variable. • Define the word theory as used by a scientist.

  10. Section 3 Scientific Processes Observation: The Basis of Scientific Research • Solving Scientific Puzzles All scientists have a certain way of investigating the world. • Observation Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses.

  11. Section 3 Scientific Processes Stages of Scientific Investigations • Collecting Observations and Asking Questions Scientists add to scientific knowledge by sharing observations and posing questions about observations. • Forming Hypotheses and Making Predictions Forming and testing hypotheses, as well as making predictions, are important in scientific investigations. • Confirming Predictions In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is varied between the experimental and control groups. The measured variable is the dependent variable.

  12. Section 3 Scientific Processes Stages of Scientific Investigations continued • Drawing Conclusions Hypotheses can be supported or rejected, but never proven. • Viewing Conclusions in Context Many important scientific questions have more than one answer, such as in determining the causes of the global decline in amphibians.

  13. Section 3 Scientific Processes Scientific Explanations • Constructing a Theory A collection of hypotheses that have been repeatedly tested and are supported by a great deal of evidence forms a theory.

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