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Understanding PCR: Amplifying DNA in a Few Hours

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) rapidly copies segments of DNA, amplifying specific sequences within hours. Using polymerases and nucleotides, PCR mimics DNA replication, doubling DNA molecules in each cycle. Learn about the process and materials needed.

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Understanding PCR: Amplifying DNA in a Few Hours

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  1. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) rapidly copies segments of DNA.

  2. target sequence of DNA PCR uses polymerases to copy DNA segments. • PCR makes many copies of a specific DNA sequence in a few hours. • PCR amplifies DNA samples. • PCR is similar to DNA replication.

  3. DNA strands primer1 polymerase primer 2 nucleotides PCR uses four materials • DNA to be copied • DNA polymerase • A, T, C, and G nucleotides • two primers

  4. DNA strands primer1 polymerase primer 2 nucleotides The three steps of PCR occur in a cycle. • heat is used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules • primers bind to each DNA strand on opposite ends of the segment to be copied • DNA polymerase binds nucleotides together to form new strands of DNA

  5. Each PCR cycle doubles the number of DNA molecules.

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