By-Product Feeds – Good & Bad & Other Feeding Considerations

1. By-Product Feeds – Good & Bad& Other Feeding Considerations Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Dr. Roy Burris Extension Beef Specialists

2. Current Situation(Effects of Drought) • Forage Shortage? • Baling, ensiling anything • Corn yield/prices • Use of alternative feeds • Limitations • Alflatoxin in corn • Listeria in dry silage • HIGH FEED PRICES

3. Do you feed more hay to compensate for low quality?

4. Late-harvested hay has a lower nutritive value….and lower intake.

5. Approximate forage intake by beef cattle

7. Chemical Forage Enhancement • Ammoniation of wheat straw, corn stover • Large scale is possible with little investment • Youtube video from Kansas State shows process • Alkali treatment of forages • Alkali hydrogen peroxide • Calcium Oxide (Quicklime) • Large scale applications limited

9. Drought-stressed Corn Silage Forage Quality Wrapped as Balage

10. What about feeding losses? • DON’T have the exact answer • But I am guessing it will be 15-50% • Please let me know what your producers tell you • Factors into price that should be paid • Bottom part of the stalk refusal can be expected unless processed/chopped

11. Risks with Corn Balage • Botulism – pH > 4.5, DM < 30% • Clostridial fermentation will have high butyric acid • Pungent / Putrid odor • Listeria – Aerobic fermentation • Plastic tears • Left in feeder too long

12. Or use your forage analysis to estimate dry matter intake…120 / NDF (%) = DMI (% BW)

13. http://apps.ca.uky.edu/forage-supplement-tool/

14. Corn • Grain is about 10% CP and 90% TDN • Can also be high moisture or ground ear corn • Most popular concentrate

15. Soybean Meal (SBM) • Usually sold as 49% CP (44% is diluted with hulls) • Excellent quality; considered the standard for protein supplements

16. Soy Hulls • Excellent palatability • Less starch content than grains; therefore, less negative effect on forage utilization • Safer, less incidence of founder

17. Distiller’s Grains • Very palatable • High in UIP

18. BEEF Magazine Feed Comp Table

19. Know Good, Bad & Ugly Use Feed Comp Table • Corn gluten feed • Soybean hulls • Distillers grains • Wheat midds • Beet pulp • Citrus pulp • Rice bran • Bakery waste • Peanut hulls • Oat hulls • Rice hulls • Sunflower hulls • Peanut skins ? • Cottonseed hulls • Gin trash • Rework (burnt gluten) • Candy • Recycled Poultry Bedding

20. Rumen Digestibility Differs Schultz & Collar, 1983 California Agriculture

21. Take Home Point • Low Quality Feedstuffs = Energy Diluters • Used to “build” roughage source into self-fed ration (creep feeder) or precondition feed • Often not a “good buy” feed, but not “trash” either under some circumstances • Use Feed Composition Tables as a reference to familiarize yourself with certain feedstuffs

22. Intake and Digestibility of Hay by Cows Fed Increasing Levels of Corn

23. Effect of Increasing Soybean Hulls on Hay Intake JAS 68:4319

26. Trial 1.

28. Trial 2. By-Product Supplement for Beef Steers

30. Tub Evaluation • Key factors you need to know • Moisture level • TDN • Source of nutrients (protein / minerals)