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Satellite monitoring of oil spills in the Mediterranean Sea for 1999-2004

Satellite monitoring of oil spills in the Mediterranean Sea for 1999-2004. Konstantinos Topouzelis, O. Muellenhoff, G. Ferraro, B. Bulgarelli E.C. – Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Maritime Affairs Unit. List of contents.

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Satellite monitoring of oil spills in the Mediterranean Sea for 1999-2004

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  1. Satellite monitoring of oil spills in the Mediterranean Sea for 1999-2004 Konstantinos Topouzelis, O. Muellenhoff, G. Ferraro, B. Bulgarelli E.C. – Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Maritime Affairs Unit SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  2. List of contents • The need for oil spills statistics of sea-based oil pollution; • Methodological approach and statistical analysis; • Results for the Mediterranean Sea; • Case studies; • Discussion and Conclusions. SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  3. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) introduces the idea of Special Areas, which are considered to be so vulnerable to pollution that discharges within them have been completely prohibited, with minor and well‑defined exceptions. Legal perspective SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  4. Marine oil pollution from vessels ships in distress • Massive spills. • Important impact on the local ecosystems and economic activities. • Immediately reported to responsible Authorities. • About 25 % of the oil released by vessel is reported to come from this source. SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  5. Operational pollutionWhat are we looking for? • Besides accidental pollution, caused by ships in distress, there are three types of routine ship operations, which pollute the sea: • [Ballast water]; • Tank washing residues (discharges from slop); • Engine room effluent discharges (bilges and sludge discharges). • The “tank washing residues” concerns mainly tankers, while the “engine room effluent discharges” all types of ships. SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  6. The JRC approach Objective: systematic mapping of illicit oil discharges in European Seas. Why? • Increase the awareness of the problem. • Verify and analyze trends. • Identify hot spots. • Assess on the effectiveness of legislative measures taken at regional and local scale. SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  7. Examples of SAR images Oil spills Look-alikes SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  8. Methodological approach • filename, • dimensions, • acquisition time and day of year, • longitude & latitude of corner • coordinates and center pixel • type, • area, • centroid, perimeter, • ship presence, • quicklook SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  9. Output (I) Creation of a synoptic map for each year SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  10. Output (II) Merging information on spatial frame density SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  11. Output (III) Creation of a oil spill density map for each year SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  12. Output (IV) Creation of added value products SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  13. Output (V)statistical analysis Spill lengths < 5 5 – 10 10 –15 15 – 20 20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 –40 40 <Km Spill widths Spilled area < 1 1 – 2 2 – 3 3 < Km <1 1-5 5-10 10–15 15–20 20–25 25–30 30–35 35-40 40-45 45 < Km2 Monthly distribution SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  14. Output (V) Oil spills classification Amorphous spill Discharged by stopped ship Old zig-zag spill Slow ship speed +distortion by currents Discharging during maneuvering Fresh zig-zag spill Discharging during maneuvering Old straight spill Discharged en-route by fast moving ship few hrs before satellite pass Fresh straight spill Discharged en-route by fast moving ship almost on time of satellite pass SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  15. Results (VI)Monthly variations MONTHLY CHANGE SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  16. 18947 SAR images analyzed - 9299 possible oil spills detected Analysis of satellite images from archives 1999-2004 SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  17. Identification of hot spots SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  18. Trends of operational pollution SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  19. Trend analysis – an example (I) Zone de Protection Ecologique declared by France in 2004 SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  20. Trend analysis – an example (II) Outside ZPE Within ZPE Possible oil spills Satellite coverage SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  21. East Mediterranean case study (I) East Mediterranean basin, covering the sea area between Egypt, Greece and Turkey. SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  22. East Mediterranean case study (II) East Mediterranean basin, covering the sea area between Egypt, Greece and Turkey. SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  23. East Mediterranean case study (III) Analysis of satellite images from archives 1999-2004 5517 SAR images analyzed - 2544 possible oil spills detected SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  24. East Mediterranean case study (IV) SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  25. The way forward Space-borne sensors will have to secure their role in support to aerial and naval means providing: • Sustainability of the statistical analysis; • Improved reliability of the identification of oil slicks (reduction of the false positives and false negatives rate); • Integration with AIS data; • Integration with additionally ancillary data (risky maps, optical data); • Improved prediction of oil slicks movement; • Assess new satellite capabilities (Radarsat-2, ALOS, …). EMSA’s real valuable dataset worldwide…! (service validation, verification cases, false negatives-positives, trends, statistics, special case studies) SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

  26. Thank-you Kostas.Topouzelis@jrc.it SeaSAR 2008 on 23.01.08

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