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DIEREDIVERSITEIT ANIMAL DIVERSITY

DIEREDIVERSITEIT ANIMAL DIVERSITY. Radiale simmetrie. Elke embrio begin as ‘n bol selle – en vandaar ontwikkel die sellae. Endoderm – SVK Mesoderm - interne organe Ektoderm – vel en senuweestelsel. Weefsellae. AANTAL LAE VAN DIE LIGGAAM.

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DIEREDIVERSITEIT ANIMAL DIVERSITY

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  1. DIEREDIVERSITEITANIMAL DIVERSITY

  2. Radiale simmetrie

  3. Elke embrio begin as ‘n bol selle – en vandaar ontwikkel die sellae Endoderm – SVK Mesoderm - interne organe Ektoderm – vel en senuweestelsel Weefsellae

  4. AANTAL LAE VAN DIE LIGGAAM • Elke embrio begin as ‘n bol selle – en vandaar ontwikkel die sellae • Endoderm – SVK • Mesoderm - interne organe • Ektoderm – vel en senuweestelsel • SODRA ‘N MESODERM IN ‘N ORGANISME TEENWOORDIG IS, IS DIE ORGANISME IN STAAT OM KOMPLEKSE EN DOELTREFFENDE ORGAANSTELSELS TE ONTWIKKEL

  5. NUMBER OF BODY LAYERS • Each embryo starts as a ball of cells – and move into different cell layers • Endoderm – Digestive system • Mesoderm - internal organs • Ectoderm – skin and nervous system • ONCE A MESODERM IS PRESENT IN AN EMBRYO, THE ORGANISM IS ABLE TO DEVELOP COMPLEX AND EFFICIENT ORGAN SYSTEMS

  6. Coelom/ Seloom BODY CAVITY / LIGGAAMSHOLTE

  7. BELANGRIKHEID VAN SELOOM (Rompholte)IMPORTANCE OF A COELOM • It keeps the INTERNAL ORGANS separated from the outer layer of the body – so that the internal organs can MOVE and GROW on their own. • Dit hou die INTERNE ORGANE afsonderlik van die buitenste laag van die liggaam – sodat die organe op hul eie kan BEWEEG en GROEI.

  8. Kingdoms/Koninkryke

  9. FILOGENETIESE BOME • ‘n Filogenetiese boom wys hoe naby twee groepe verwant aan mekaar is. • Dis ‘n hipotese oor die geskiedenis van ‘n groep organismes op grond van ‘n spesifieke stel eienskappe. • Die boom toon ‘n VOOROUER aan die ONDERKANT. • ‘n Voorouer is die eerste spesie wat ‘n nuwe ryk, filum of ander groep organismes begin vorm het. • Die voorouer van ALLE diere is die KOLONIALE PROTISTE

  10. PHYLOGENETIC TREE • A phylogenetic tree shows how closely two groups are related. • It’s a hypothesis about the history of a group of organisms based on a particular set of chatacteristics. • A tree shows the ANCESTOR at the BASE. • An ancestor is the first species that began a new kingdom, phylum or other group of organisms. • The ancestor of ALL animals are COLONIAL PROTISTS.

  11. D: The original ancestral stock continues to evolve and diversifies to become Phylum 3 PHYLUM 2 PHYLUM 1 PHYLUM 3 C: A new species diverges from the branch leading to Phylum 1. This species is successful and it diversifies and becomes Phylum 2. C D B B: this is a point of DIVERGENCE where a new species evolved from the ancestral stock (Note the ancestral stock continues to exist) –It may undergo evolutionary change. A ANCESTRAL STOCK A: At the base of the tree, “Ancestral stock” means that all the taxonomic groups (phyla) above the trunk descended from a common ancestor

  12. D: Die oorspronklikevoorouerlikefamiliehouaanontwikkelomFilum 3 te word. FILUM 2 FILUM 1 FILUM 3 C: ‘n Nuwespesiewykuit die takafwat tot Filum 1 lei. Hierdiespesie is suksesvol, ditdiversifiseer en word Filum 2. C D B B: Dis die punt van AFWYKING waar ‘n nuwespesieuit die voorouerontwikkel het. (Let daaropdat die voorouerlikefamilievoortbestaan )–magmoontlik self evolusionêreveranderingondergaan. A VOOROUERS A: Onderaan die boom sienjy “Voorouerlikefamilie”. Ditbetekendat al die taksonomiesegroepe (filums) bo die onderkant van die boom van ‘n gemeenskaplikevoorouerafkomstig is.

  13. Classification of Animals

  14. VERGELYKING VAN LIGGAAMSPLANNE VAN VERSKILLENDE FILA (FILUMS) T.O.V. LEEFWYSES

  15. Porifera SEESPONSE SEA SPONGES

  16. Kenmerke van Porifera alle sponse leef in water groei aanhoudend asimmetries groot kolonies individuele selle werk as ‘n eenheid saam op sellulêre organisasievlak sessiele diere filtreervoeders

  17. Spicules (crystals) that form skeleton of sponges

  18. Holtediere Hollow bodies

  19. Characteristics of Cnidaria • lives in water • diploblastic • soft-bodied (hydrostatic skeleton) • true tissues - no organs • acoelomatic • radial symmetrical • all carnivores • contain nematocysts • have coelenteron/enteron • mouth is only opening

  20. Bloublasie

  21. Platyhelminthes

  22. Eienskappe van Platyhelminthes • plat wurms • sagte liggame (hidrostatiese skelet) • leef in water • bilaterale simmetrie • baie is parasiete • konsentrasie van senuwees in voorpunt van liggaam • triploblasties • acoelomaties • nie deurlopende dermkanaal

  23. Planaria • Free-living flatwurm • Do not live in hosts • Contain concentration of nerve material at the front • Have eyespots to distinquish between light and dark

  24. Liggaamslae van Planaria

  25. Life cycle of the tapeworm

  26. Bilharzia

  27. Annelida Segmented worms Gesegmenteerde wurms

  28. Eienskappe van Annelida • gesegmenteerde wurms • leef in vogtige habitats • bilaterale simmetrie • besit ‘n seloom • deurdermkanaal bestaan uit verskillende dele • besit goed ontwikkelde stelsels • triploblasties

  29. Examples of Annelida

  30. Nematoda

  31. Arthropoda

  32. Arthropoda Kenmerke van Arthropoda: • grootste groep van diere • triploblasties • bilateraal simmetries • deurdermkanaal • besit eksoskelet • meeste ondergaan metamorfose • liggaam gesegmenteerd • liggaam verdeel in streke • besit gelede aanhangsels

  33. Class Insecta Characteristics of Insecta • Three pairs of legs • Head, thorax and abdomen • One pair of antennae • Two compound eyes • Three simple eyes • Body is segmented

  34. Phylum ArthropodaClass Insecta

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