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Usual instruments for unusual applications

Usual instruments for unusual applications. Robert Lagrange. Presentation. Technologies Sludge Blanket Level In Line Suspended Solids Nitrate and Organic Sensors Applications Inlet Monitoring Settling Filtration Backwash Optimization Nitrate blending and removal.

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Usual instruments for unusual applications

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  1. Usual instruments for unusual applications Robert Lagrange Robert Lagrange

  2. Presentation • Technologies • Sludge Blanket Level • In Line Suspended Solids • Nitrate and Organic Sensors • Applications • Inlet Monitoring • Settling • Filtration Backwash Optimization • Nitrate blending and removal Robert Lagrange

  3. Ultrasonic sludge blanket level Primary clarifiers / Thickeners • Ultrasonic detection • To control desludging • Prevent sludge overflow Sand Filter • Bed expansion during backwash Robert Lagrange

  4. Measuring principle h = 1/2 x transit time ( tMeas) x speed of sound (vsound) • Transit time measurement of ultrasounds Sensor head Ultrasonics source Power supply (Piezoelectric crystal) Ultrasonics detector 6° Sonar-signal 657 kHz Reflected signal h Sludge blanket level Reflection Robert Lagrange

  5. Source Detector Highest slope indicates high concentration Zone of low solids concentration Tank’s depth Zone with high solids concentration Intensity of signal Measuring principle • Sludge concentration profile, derived from the distribution of intensity of reflected signals Robert Lagrange

  6. What is turbidity? Turbidity is the phenomenom where a specific portion of a light beam passing through a liquid is deflected by particles from its original direction. It is called light scattering. Suspended Solids / Turbidity Robert Lagrange

  7. The reflections are a function of the type, size, and shape of the particles Incident beam Scattered light Robert Lagrange

  8. ISO 7027 method • Scattered light 90° • Wavelength 860nm • Reference: Formazin • Units: NTU / FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) Robert Lagrange

  9. ISO based design Emitted light Receiver 1 Receiver 2 Cleaning mechanism Robert Lagrange

  10. Benefits • Wide range • Can be used for immersion or insertion Robert Lagrange

  11. Benefits • Easy verification and calibration Robert Lagrange

  12. NO3- NO3- NO2- NO3- NO3- NO3- NO2- Absorption measurement Nitrate absorbs at 214 nm! UV light Absorption NO2- NO2- NO3- NO3- NO3- NO2- NO2- NO3- 190 210 230 250 270 290 (UV) 380 Wavelength NO2- NO3- NO3- NO3- Most organics absorbs at 254 nm! UV detector Robert Lagrange

  13. Optical absorption analyzer • In-line / on-line • No reagent • No moving parts Robert Lagrange

  14. UV-flash light lamp Ref. Detector Mes. Detector Mirror Beamsplitter Optical sensor Robert Lagrange

  15. 28/01/2004 Robert Lagrange Slide 15 Applications

  16. What should be measured? UC F l Backwash water Flocculant Oxydant Lime Milk Q Q Q Q UC ? pH B Level UV254 Turb Chlorination ? UC Flow Flocculation Mixing Sedimentation Q Flow SS UC Robert Lagrange

  17. Q F I L I pH Tur DO Con HARD Fe Mn Turbidity Water intake - surface water UV254 Optical cleaning is important Pre-dosification of flocculent and/or process selection Robert Lagrange

  18. Q F I L I pH Tur DO Con HARD Fe Mn Organics Water intake - surface water ORG TOC UV Persulfate TOC High Temperature UV 254 To meet and confirm the enhanced coagulation rule Robert Lagrange

  19. 40 CFR Parts 9, 141, and 142 SUVA (Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance) Today’s rule establishes SUVA as an alternative criterion for demonstrating compliance with TOC removal requirements contained in today’s rule. SUVA is a calculated parameter defined as the UV absorption at 254 nm (UV254) (measured as m´1) divided by the DOC concentration (measured as mg/L). If the UV absorption is first determined in units of cm´1, the SUVA equation is multiplied by 100 to convert to m´1, as shown below: SUVA = 100 (cm/m) [UV254 (cm´1)/DOC(mg/L)] Robert Lagrange

  20. Q F I L I pH Tur DO Con HARD Fe Mn NO3 Water intake - surface water UV254 Ion Selective Electrode Colorimetry UV 214 To decide which process should be used Robert Lagrange

  21. F I pH Tur DO Con HARD Fe Mn L I UV254 Water intake – ground water Arsenic Colorimetry ! But Phosphate Robert Lagrange

  22. Turbidity Flocculation and sedimentation UC F l Backwash water Flocculant Oxydant Lime Milk Q Q Q Q UC ? pH B Level Organi Turb Chlorination ? UC Optical Immersion version No need for pump and sampling line Flow Flocculation Mixing Sedimentation Q Flow SS Insure that settling is good Prevent filter clogging UC Robert Lagrange

  23. Sludge Level Flocculation and sedimentation UC F l Ultrasonic Optical Difficult installation for Lamellae Settlers Backwash water Flocculant Oxydant Lime Milk Q Q Q Q UC ? pH B Level Organi Turb Chlorination ? UC Flow Flocculation Mixing Sedimentation Q Flow SS Decide when to start desludging or control the rate UC Robert Lagrange

  24. Solids Flocculation and sedimentation UC Optical Ultrasonic Microwave How is it handled? F l Backwash water Flocculant Oxydant Lime Milk Q Q Q Q UC ? pH B Level Organi Turb Chlorination ? UC Flow Flocculation Mixing Sedimentation Q Flow SS Prevent pumping water or too thin sludge UC Robert Lagrange

  25. Organics Flocculation and Sedimentation UC F l TOC UV Persulfate TOC High Temperature UV 254 Backwash water Flocculant Oxydant Lime Milk Q Q Q Q UC ? pH B Level Organi Turb Chlorination ? UC Flow Flocculation Mixing Sedimentation Q Flow SS To meet and confirm the enhanced coagulation rule UC Robert Lagrange

  26. FI C2-01 LSLI C2-12 QTRI C2-06 LI LI LI QTRIA LI C2-05 C2-05 C2-05 C2-08 C2-09 dP PI C2-11 Filtration backwash Where money can be saved Robert Lagrange

  27. Ultrasonic Sensors FI C2-01 LSLI C2-12 QTRI C2-06 LI LI LI QTRIA LI C2-05 C2-05 C2-05 C2-08 C2-09 dP Bed Expans. PI C2-11 Filtration backwash: bed expansion Ultrasonic blanket level Defines washing efficiency Robert Lagrange

  28. FI C2-01 LSLI C2-12 QTRI C2-06 LI LI LI Turbidity QTRIA LI C2-05 C2-05 C2-05 C2-08 C2-09 dP PI C2-11 Filtration backwash Optical cleaning is important Defines how clean is the media Robert Lagrange

  29. Backwash turbidity: AWWA recommendation Robert Lagrange

  30. UC F l NO3 NO3 F l NO3 NO3 F l Clean Water Nitrate reduction - mixing Colorimetry Ion Selective Electrode UV absorption 214 nm Contaminated Water Must be below the 10mg/l N Robert Lagrange

  31. UC F l NO3 NO3 F l NO3 NO3 NO3 NO3 F l Clean Water Nitrate reduction - mixing Contaminated Water Feedforward based on nitrate concentration in contaminated and clean water Robert Lagrange

  32. F I NO3 Anionic Resin P I Con Con Con F I F I NO3 L I Brine Nitrate removal - Ion exchange Robert Lagrange

  33. F I NO3 Anionic Resin NO3 P I Con Con NO3 Con F I F I NO3 L I Brine Nitrate removal - Ion exchange Colorimetry UV 214 nm Robert Lagrange

  34. Cond Cond Cond Cond Nitrate removal - Ion exchange Con F I NO3 Anionic Resin P I Con Con Safety monitoring of individual exchangers conductivity differential Con F I F I NO3 L I Brine Robert Lagrange

  35. Thank you ! Questions ? Robert Lagrange

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