4/20/12-Copy AND answer the following questions.

1. 4/20/12-Copy AND answer the following questions. Do-Now: • How do you think you did on the taxonomy “quest?” • How long did you study for it? • What could YOU do to improve your grade? • What could Ido to help you?

2. Vocab Flashcards Chapter 3-1 • Ecology • Biosphere • Species • Population • Community • Ecosystem • Biome Chapter 4-2 8. Biotic Factor 9. Abiotic Factor 10. Carrying Capacity 11. Exponential Growth

4. What is Ecology?

5. What is Ecology? Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment.

6. Why care??? • Learning to improve our effect on the environment is critical to the survival of our species • Scientists believe the 6th mass extinction is beginning now. • It is possible that 20% of the world’s species may die within 100 years • The human population has (more than) tripled since 1930 (7 billion people) • More people=more energy, food, space

7. Human Influences on the Earth • Declining Ozone • Increased Carbon Dioxide • Acid Rain • Polluted Waterways/soil

9. The living components of the environment are called the biotic factors.

10. Name biotic factors seen in this picture.

11. The nonliving components of the environment are called abiotic factors.

12. Name abiotic factors seen in this picture.

13. Reading Assignment • Read p. 90.

14. Levels of Organization Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism

15. Biosphere • 5-6 miles above Earth’s surface to the bottom of the oceans, thin layer of atmosphere that supports life

16. Ecosystem • All organisms and nonliving environment in a particular area • Examples-lake, beaches of Georgia, piedmont

17. Community-All of the interacting organisms in an area • Example-all of the fish, algae, bacteria, etc. in a lake • Population-all of the members of a species that live in one place at one time • Example-all of the large mouth bass in a lake

18. Reading Assignment • Read p. 62-65.

19. 4/20/12-Pick up your book. Do-Now: • Contrast biotic & abiotic factors. List 3 examples of each. • List the 5 levels of ecological organization from largest to smallest. • How is a community different from a population?

20. Population Dynamics All populations are dynamic-they change in size and composition over time.

21. Factors that affect population dynamics: • Birth rate (natality)- the number of births during a time period 2. Death rate (mortality) –the number of deaths during a time period 3. Immigration-movement into a population 4. Emigration-the movement out of the population.

25. The Organism Level • Any living thing is an organism • No organism is isolated-all organisms interact with other organisms in their surroundings and with the nonliving portion of their environment.

26. The Organism Level c. Organisms change their environment and are influenced by those changes.

27. An organism cannot live in areas where it is exposed to conditions that fall outside of its tolerance limits. Tolerance curve of species of fish

28. How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment?

29. How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment? • Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors

30. How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment? • Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors • Control of Internal Conditions- conformers vs regulators

31. How do organisms overcome the challenges of their environment? • Acclimation-adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors • Control of Internal Conditions- conformers vs regulators • Escape from unsuitable conditions Dormancy – state of reduced activity Migration – seasonal movements

32. 4/23/12-Pick up your book. Do-Now: • List 4 factors that may impact population dynamics. • What happens when a population reaches its carrying capacity? • List 3 ways organisms may overcome the challenges of their environment.

33. What is the difference between habitat and niche?

34. What is the difference between habitat and niche? Habitat- where an organism lives Niche – the way an organism lives

35. Species Interaction Posters • Title (type of species interaction) • Group Member Names in bottom right corner • Description of interaction • Specific example(s) of interaction • Picture(s) to depict interaction You will have 15 minutes to complete your poster. Use p. 91-93.

36. Species Interaction (Symbioses) • PREDATOR-captures, kills, & consumes other organisms (PREY) • Because of a predator’s good ability to find their prey, the prey must be good at not getting “caught.” • So, NATURAL SELECTION is favoring ways for prey to avoid or escape their predators.

37. What do you see here?

38. Occurs when a harmless species looks like a dangerous one to protect itself Example: The non-venomous scarlet king snake resembles a venomous coral snake. Mimicry

39. Parasitism • Type of species interaction where one is harmed while the other benefits (PARASITE feeds on HOST) • ENDOPARASITES-internal • Example-tapeworm • ECTOPARASITES-external • Example-tick

40. Mutualism -Both species benefit • Example-Sharks and remoras (cleaner fish) • Commensalism-one species benefits and the other is unaffected • Example-cattle egrets eating lizards and insects the Cape buffalo stir up when walking

41. Do-Now: • Pick up and complete the review questions on the desk.

42. Energy is constantly being transferred within the environment. All organisms need energy to carry out essential functions.

43. Autotrophic organisms that make their own food Most are photosynthetic, but bacteria use CHEMOSYNTHESIS (produce carbs by using energy from inorganic molecules) Producers

44. Get energy by eating other organisms HERBIVORES-eat plants CARNIVORES-eat animals OMNIVORES-feed on either DETRITIVORES-feed on “garbage” DECOMPOSERS-cause decay of dead organisms Consumers

45. FOOD CHAIN • Single pathway of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer • Example: SUN grass  mouse  snake  hawk bacteria (Energy Producer 1o Consumer 2o Consumer3o Consumer Decomposer) 10% Rule-only 10% of the energy is passed on, 90% is lost for daily activities or as heat

46. FOOD WEB • Interrelated food chains in an ecosystem

47. TROPHIC LEVELS

48. Reading Assignment • Read p. 67-73.

49. -Pick up your book. Do-Now: • What percentage of organisms have to disappear for it to be considered a “mass extinction?” • Where is the “hole” in the ozone layer? • List the 5 levels of ecological organization from largest to smallest. • What is an example of acclimation? • List the 5 species interactions discussed in class. • Contrast conformers & regulators. • What is the 10% rule? Where does the other 90% go? • List 2 biotic factors AND 2 abiotic factors.

50. -Pick up your book. Do-Now: • Pick up and complete the ½ sheet warm up from the desk.