The maritime war activities In North Africa: In theory and Actions

1. The maritime war activities In North Africa: In theory and Actions Prepared by : Zainab Hmito

2. Outline I.The Theory of Maritime Jihad in Islam. - Qur’anic and Hadith Perspectives. II.The North African Understanding of Maritime Jihad in Islam. -Qur’anic and Hadith justifications III.Conclusion. -Common Grounds and contradictions.

3. The Theory of Maritime Jihad in Islam

4. Personal Jihad “Jihadu-Nafs”, a personal struggle againsttemptations, to purify one's soul of evil influences and cleanse one's spirit of sin:"The (true) believers are only those who believe in Allah and his messenger and afterward doubt not, but strive with their wealth and their selves for the cause of Allah. Such are the truthful." سورة الحجرات، الآية 15

5. Verbal Jihad Daa’wa: To strive for justice through words and non-violent actions: Muhammad encouraged Muslims to demand justice in the name of Allah. Someone asked once the Prophet: "'What kind of jihad is better?' Muhammad replied, 'A word of truth in front of an oppressive ruler!'“ روى النسائي وأحمد عن طارق بن شهاب «أنّ رجلا سأل النّبيّ (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) وقد وضع رجله في الغرز: ”أيّ الجهاد أفضل؟ قال: كلمة حقّ عند سلطان جائر“

6. Physical Jihad Jihad “self-defense”: The use of physical force in defense of Muslims against oppression and transgression by the enemies of Allah: "Lo! Those who believe, and those who emigrate (to escape persecution) and strive (Jahadu) in the way of Allah, these have hope of Allah's mercy..." (إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَجَاهَدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ يَرْجُونَ رَحْمَتَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ )سورة البقرة، أية 218

7. The North African Understanding ofMaritime Jihad in Islam Many factors contributed in the revolutionary change of the Jihad concepte from the category of defensive case to offensive statues, this change accured as a resulte of the formulated Fataw’ah, scholarly opinions, these two factors are included: Muslim captives in Spain. Feeding the state treasury.

8. Justifications for Maritime Jihad The sea martyr is ten times better than the ground martyr!! روي عن عبدالله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله تعالى عنهما قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ”غزوة في البحر خير من عشر غزواتٍ في البر“

9. Hadith: ”شهيد البر يغفر له كل ذنب إلا الدين والأمانة وشهيد البحر يغفر له كل ذنب والدين والأمانة.“ (حديث ضعيف جدا) ”شهيد البحر مثل شهيد البر والمائد في البحر كالمتشحط في دمه في البر وما بين الموجتين كقاطع الدنيا في طاعة الله وإن الله عز وجل وكل ملك الموت بقبض الأرواح إلا شهيد البحر فإنه يتولى قبض أرواحهم ويغفر لشهيد البر الذنوب كلها إلا الدين ولشهيد البحر الذنوب والدين.“ (حديث موضوع)

10. Qur’an: ”وَمَا لَكُمْ لاَ تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاء وَالْوِلْدَانِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْ هَـذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ الظَّالِمِ أَهْلُهَا وَاجْعَل لَّنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ وَلِيًّا وَاجْعَل لَّنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ نَصِيرًا“ سورة النساء، الآية 75 “And what reason have you that you should not fight in the way of Allah and of the weak among the men and the women and the children, (of) those who say: Our Lord! cause us to go forth from this town, whose people are oppressors, and give us from Thee a guardian and give us from Thee a helper.”

11. Conclusion

12. References: Maududi,A,.JIHAD IN ISLAM, I.I.F.S.O,Kwait , 1980. مبارك, ز,.الجهاد البحري في الغرب الإسلامي: المفهوم الإسلامي والمفهوم الغربي-المسيحي,البحث العلمي : العدد 45,جامعة محمد الخامس- سويسي, 1998, ص: 15-27 د.بالحميسي, مولاي,.البحر والعرب في التاريخ والأدب, . .2005,ANEPAlger : Editions