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Separation Techniques Grade 10 Chemistry. Chelstone High School. Munalula.C.M. Separation Techniques -. Deal with the separation of mixtures to enhance purity of substances Are important to because most substances are needed in their pure state. Some Types of Separation Techniques.
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Separation TechniquesGrade 10 Chemistry Chelstone High School. Munalula.C.M
Separation Techniques - • Deal with the separation of mixtures to enhance purity of substances • Are important to because most substances are needed in their pure state.
Some Types of Separation Techniques • Filtration • Chromatography • Distillation
Filtration • This is a technique used to separate mixtures of an insoluble solid and a liquid.
Examples of Mixtures You Can Separate Using Filtration • Sand and water • Broken glass and water • Chalk suspensions and water
Chromatography • Is the separation technique used to separate soluble substances using a media and a solvent. • It is mostly applied in identifying mixtures that are coloured or pigments.
Types of Chromatography • Radial chromatography • Ascending chromatography • Descending chromatography
Radial Chromatography • In this type of chromatography, as the pigment separates, the different colours move outwards.
Ascending Chromatography • The solvent moves upwards on the separating media \
Descending Chromatography • The solvent moves downwards on the separating media.
Distillation • This is the separation technique where two miscible liquids are separated. • It is made possible due to the fact that each liquid has its unique boiling point.
Types of Distillation • Simple distillation • Fractional distillation
Simple Distillation • This is a technique used to separate a mixture of a soluble substance and a solvent. • E.g salt and water
Fractional distillation • This is the technique used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points. • E.g water and ethanol • The boiling point for water is 100 while for ethanol it is 78.
Questions • What is a mixture? • Give three ways of separating a mixture. • What kind of mixtures can you separate using the filtration method? • Give an example of a mixture you can separate using the fractional distillation method.
Answers • It is a substance made up of two or more substances which are physically combined. • Filtration, Chromatography and Distillation. • Mixtures of an insoluble substance and a liquid. • Ethanol and water.