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The Rise of Europe

I. The Early Middle Ages. Germanic KingdomsA. Franks1. Clovis

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The Rise of Europe

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    1. Chapter 8 The Rise of Europe

    2. I. The Early Middle Ages Germanic Kingdoms A. Franks 1. Clovis king of the Franks 2. Conquered former Roman province of Gaul B. Muslims 1. Religion of Islam from Arabia 2. Battle of Tours in 732 (Christians defeat Muslims) 3. Christians won they thought the victory was a sign that God was on their side 4. Muslim advancement into Western Europe was halted

    3. I. The Early Middle Ages Age of Charlemagne 1. Charles the Great 2. Germanic leader 3. Helped the Roman Catholic church by crushing a rebellion of nobles 4. Pope crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans 5. This created two emperors of the Roman Empire 6. He set out to revive Latin learning in his empire. 7. A strong efficient government helped unite Charlemagnes empire.

    4. I. The Early Middle Ages After Charlemagne New wave of Invasions 1. Muslims continued to attack Christians until the 900s when power struggles erupted in the Middle East 2. Magyars from what is today Hungary, overran Eastern Europe, Germany, France, and Italy 3. Vikings Snapped last threads of unity in Charlemagnes empire. Came from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark Scandinavia Leif Erikson Viking who set up a short-lived colony on North America

    5. II. Feudalism and the Manor Economy Feudalism loosely organized system of rule. Vassals lesser lord who pledged service and loyalty to a greater lord in exchange for land. Knight mounted warriors Chivalry a code of conduct that required knights to be brave, loyal, and true to their words; it governed relations between noblewomen and noblemen Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service Manor lords estate Manor economy was based on farming and self-sufficiency Serf peasant who was bound to the land; made up the largest part of the population

    6. III. The Medieval Church The Church and medieval life 1. Sacraments sacred rights of the church that led to salvation according Christian beliefs 2. The church held great power over people during the Middle Ages because it decided who could achieve salvation 3. Tithe church required Christians to pay a tithe (tax) 4. Benedictine Rule rules to regulate monastic life (life in a Monastary) three vows of obedience, poverty, and Chastity or purity.

    7. III. The Medieval Church Power of the Church Grows 1. secular worldly 2. Canon law churchs own body of laws 3. Canon law applied to religious teachings, the clergy, marriages, morals 4. excommunication what happened when you severely disobeyed the church. The excommunicated could not receive the sacraments or receive a Christian burial.

    8. III. The Medieval Church Reform Movement 1. Cluniac reforms a. Abbot Berno of Cluny a monastary in Eastern France wanted to end church corruption and abuses b. Simony selling of church offices 2. Jews in Europe a. Jews could be found all across Europe b. Antisemitism prejudice against Jews. c. Jews lived side by side in relative peace with Christians

    9. IV. Economic Expansion and Change Agricultural Revolution 1. New Technologies Iron plow, New kind of harness to use with horses, windmills to grind grain into flour. 2. These new agricultural technologies led to increased food production 3. Three Field System plant one field w/ grain, the second with legumes (beans or peas), the third allowed to remain fallow or unplanted. 4. This allowed peasants to produce more crops

    10. IV. Economic Expansion and Change Commercial Revolution 1. Capital money for investment 2. New Business practices Merchants joined together to form partnerships 3. Bill of exchange deposit money with banker at home, receive Bill of exchange that could be exchanged for cash in a distant city. Now could travel without gold coins 4. The most important activity in a medieval town was trade. 5. Tenant farmer someone who paid rent for their land. 6. Middle class class between nobles and peasants

    11. IV. Economic Expansion and Change Guilds made up of merchants and artisans 1. Merchant guild dominated economic and political life in medieval towns. a. Passed laws b. Levied taxes 2. Apprentice trainee 3. Journeyman salaried workers who worked for guild members

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