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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting. 張學偉 助理教授. The compartmentalization of cells. All eucaryotic cells have the same basic set of membrane-enclosed organelles. The major intracellular compartments of an animal cells. Cytoplasma = cytosol + cytoplasmic organelles.

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 • Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting 張學偉 助理教授

  2. The compartmentalization of cells

  3. All eucaryotic cells have the same basic set of membrane-enclosed organelles

  4. The major intracellular compartments of an animal cells. Cytoplasma = cytosol + cytoplasmic organelles

  5. The topological relationships of membrane-enclosed organelles can be interpreted in terms of their evolutionary origins

  6. Protein can move between compartments in different ways

  7. Sorting signal by signal sequences

  8. Vesical transport

  9. Signal sequences and signal patches direct proteins to the correct cellular address

  10. Cut by signal peptidases Sorting signal (signal sequences) recognize by sorting receptors

  11. N-terminal signal C-terminal signal Red + Green - Yellow Hydrophobic Blue  hydroxylated

  12. The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytosol

  13. Nuclear pore complexes perforate the nuclear envelope

  14. Composed by more than 50 different proteins called nucleoporins.

  15. 26nm 15nm 9nm size

  16. Nuclear localization signals (NLS) direct nuclear proteins to the nucleus

  17. Colloidal gold spheres coated with peptides containing NLS Nuclear pore transport (large aqueous pore) is fundmental different from organelle transport (lipid bilayer).

  18. Nuclear import receptors bind nuclear localization signals and nucleoporins

  19. Nuclear import do not always bind to nuclear proteins directly. Soluble cytosolic protein FG-repeat (Phe-Gly) serve as binding sites for the import receptors.

  20. Nuclear export works like nuclear import, but in reverse Nuclear export signals & nuclear export receptor & nuclear transport receptor (karypherins) tRNA or 5S RNA: nuclei cytosol NLS-particle: cytosol nuclei

  21. The Ran GTPase drives directional transport through nuclear pore complexes

  22. Ran = GTPase GAP = GTPase-activing protein GEF = Guanine exchange factor

  23. Bidirectional model

  24. Transport between the nucleus and cytosol can be regulated by controlling access to the transport machinery Always in & out, shuttling

  25. Dorsol protein Ventral side The control fly embryo development by nuclear transport

  26. The nucleus envelope is disassembled during mitosis

  27. Lamina (whole structure) & lamins (protein subunit)

  28. The transport of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplasts

  29. Newly mito & chloropl are produced by the growth of preexisting organelle. Their growth depends mainly on the cytosolic protein import

  30. Translocation into the mitochondrial matrix depends on a signal sequence and protein translocators

  31. Red = + Yellow = nonpolar On different side Amphipathic a helix

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