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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. March 2019. Historical Perspective of ORTHOPAEDICS. Orthopedik adalah cabang ilmu bedah , berhubungan dengan pemeliharaan dan pemulihan fungsi sistem rangka , persendian , dan struktur yang berkaitan .

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MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM March 2019

  2. Historical Perspective of ORTHOPAEDICS • Orthopedikadalahcabangilmubedah, berhubungandenganpemeliharaandanpemulihanfungsisistemrangka, persendian, danstrukturyang berkaitan. • Bedahorthopediadalahsuatutindakanbedahuntukmemulihkankondisidisfungsimuskuloskeletal

  3. Derived from two Greek words, • orthos= straight and paidos= child. • “The art of Correcting and Preventing Deformities in Children” • Was introduced in 1741 by Nicolas Andre. • First Orthopaedic Institute was founded in Switzerland in 1780 • Orthopaedic practitioners were known as “strap-and-buckle” as they use the appliances to straighten body and limbs

  4. HUGH OWEN THOMAS (1834-1891) was known for his ability to set broken bones and reduce dislocated joints

  5. AGNES HUNT (1862-1948) “The Florence Nightingale of Orthopaedic Nursing”

  6. What is musculoskeletal? • Muscle • Otot • Tendon • Ligamen • Skeletal/ rangka • Tulang • Sendi • Musculoskeletal system enables changes in movement (pergerakan) and position (bentuk tubuh)

  7. Review of the Skeletal System Functions of the Bones Primary function is to produce : skeletalmovements (pergerakan) • 1. Locomotion- memberikanpergerakan (ototberhubungandengankontraksidanpergerakan). • 2. Protection- melindungi organ tubuh  (jantung, otak, paru-paru, danjaringanlunak). • 3. Support- mendukungjaringantubuhdanmemberikanbentuktubuh

  8. 4. Blood production- membentuksel-seldarahmerah di dalamsumsumtulang  (hematopoesis) 5. Mineral deposition- menyimpangaram-garam mineral (kalsium, fosfor, magnesium danfluor).

  9. SKELETAL SYSTEM • Tulangadalahjaringan yang paling kerasdiantarajaringanikatlainnya yang terdiriatas: hampir 50 % air danbagianpadat, selebihnya mineral (calcium)kuranglebih67 % danbahanseluler33%.

  10. GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BONES • A. Axial= 80 • B. Appendicular= 126

  11. A. AXIAL • Skull • Cranium 8 • Face 14 • Hyoid 1 • Auditory ossicles 6 • Vertebral column 26 • Thorax • Sternum 1 • Ribs 24 TOTAL 80

  12. I. SKULL-(Brain box) • CRANIUM • Frontal 1 bone of the forehead • Parietal 2 roof • Temporal 2 sides of the cranium • Occipital 1 back of the head • Ethmoid 1 anterior floor of cranium • Sphenoid 1 posterior floor of cranium

  13. II. FACE • Maxilla 2 upper jaw • Mandible 1 lower jaw • Zygomatic 2 cheek bones • Nasal 2 sides of the nose • Vomer 1 nasal septum • Lacrimal 2 help form orbit • Inferior conchae 2 sides, nasal cavity • Palatine 2 mouth, interior

  14. Every bone is connected to another bone , with one exception “Hyoid”

  15. Auditory ossicles • Malleus 2 • Incus 2 • Stapes 2

  16. III. BONES OF THE TRUNK (Anterior) • Sternum (Breastbone) • A. Manubrium • B. Body • C. Xyphoid process

  17. RIBS (Antero-posterior) • True 7 pairs Attached to the sternum FALSE Ribs: • False 3 pairs Attached to the true ribs • Floating 2 pairs Attached to the vertebra

  18. VERTEBRAL COLUMN • Cervical (7)

  19. Thoracic vertebra (12)

  20. Lumbar vertebrae 5 • Sacrum 1 • Coccyx 1

  21. B. APPENDICULAR • I. Pectoral Girdle: bones attach arms to the trunk • Clavicle (shoulder) 2 • Scapula (shoulder blade) 2

  22. II. Upper Extremities • Humerus (upper arm bone) 2 • Radius (lateral bone of lower arm) 2 • Ulna (medial arm bone) 2 • Carpals (wrist bones) 14 • Metacarpals (palm bones) 10 • Phalanges (finger bones) 28

  23. III. Lower Limb • Pelvic Girdle (2) (attaches lower extremities to the trunk) • 1. Ilium 2. Ischium 3. Pubis

  24. Lower Extremities • 1. Femur (upper leg bone) 2 • 2. Patella (knee bone) 2 • 3. Tibia (lower leg bone, medial) 2 • 4. Fibula (lower leg bone, lateral) 2 • 5. Tarsal bones 14 • 6. Metatarsals 10 • 7. Phalanges 28

  25. DID YOU KNOW? • Olecranon process • Medial malleolus • Lateral malleolus

  26. CLASSIFICATION • Long bones: long, wide, found in the upper and lower extremities (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, metacarpals, phalanges) • Short bones: do not have long axis, cubical (carpals, tarsals) • Flat bones: provide soft body parts, provide large surfaces for muscle attachments (ribs, cranium, scapula, portion of pelvic girdle) • Irregular bones: have various shapes (vertebrae, ear ossicles, facial bones, pelvis)

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