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Information and Decision Support Systems

Information and Decision Support Systems. Chapter 10. Principles and Learning Objectives. Good decision-making and problem-solving skills are the key to developing effective information and decision support systems. Define the stages of decision making.

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Information and Decision Support Systems

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  1. Information and Decision Support Systems Chapter 10 MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  2. Principles and Learning Objectives • Good decision-making and problem-solving skills are the key to developing effective information and decision support systems. • Define the stages of decision making. • Discuss the importance of implementation and monitoring in problem solving. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  3. Principles and Learning Objectives • The management information system (MIS) must provide the right information to the right person in the right fashion at the right time. • Define the term MIS and clearly distinguish the difference between a TPS and an MIS. • Discuss information systems in the functional areas of business organizations. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  4. Principles and Learning Objectives • Decision support systems (DSSs) are used when the problems are more unstructured. • List and discuss important characteristics of DSSs that give them the potential to be effective management support tools. • Identify and describe the basic components of a DSS. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  5. Principles and Learning Objectives • Specialized support systems, such as group decision support systems (GDSSs) and executive support systems (ESSs), use the overall approach of a DSS in situations such as group and executive decision making. • State the goals of a GDSS and identify the characteristics that distinguish it from a DSS. • Identify the fundamental uses of an ESS and list the characteristics of such a system. MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  6. Decision Making and ProblemSolving MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  7. Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  8. Programmed versus Nonprogrammed Decisions • Programmed decisions • Structured situations with well defined relationships • Quantifiable • Management information system • Easy to computerize • Nonprogrammed decisions • Rules and relationships not defined • Problem is not routine • Not easily quantifiable MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  9. Problem Solving Approaches • Optimization: find the best solution • Satisficing: find a good solution • Heuristics: rules of thumb MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  10. Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  11. An Overview of Management Information Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  12. Inputs to an MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  13. Outputs of an MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  14. Outputs of an MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  15. Developing Effective Reports MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  16. Characteristics of an MIS • Fixed format, standard reports • Hard-copy or soft-copy reports • Uses internal data • User-developed reports • Users must request formal reports from IS department MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  17. Functional Aspects of the MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  18. Functional Aspects of an MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  19. Financial MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  20. Manufacturing MIS • Design engineering • Process control • Computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) • Flexible manufacturing system • Quality control and testing MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  21. Overview of a Manufacturing MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  22. Master Production Scheduling and Inventory Control MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  23. Quality Control and Testing MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  24. Marketing MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  25. Product Pricing MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  26. Product Pricing MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  27. Human Resource MIS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  28. Other MIS • Accounting management information systems • Geographic information systems (GIS) MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  29. Characteristics of Decision Support Systems • Handle large amounts of data from various sources • Provide report and presentation flexibility • Offer both textual and graphical orientation • Support drill down analysis MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  30. An Overview of Decision Support Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  31. Characteristics of a DSS • Perform complex, sophisticated analysis • Optimization, satisficing, heuristics • Simulation • What-if analysis • Goal-seeking analysis MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  32. Characteristics of a DSS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  33. Capabilities of a DSS • Support all problem-solving phases • Support different decision frequencies • Support different problem structures • Support various decision-making levels MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  34. Selected DSS Applications MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  35. Support for Various Decision-Making Levels MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  36. Comparison of DSSs and MISs MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  37. Comparison of DSSs and MISs MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  38. Components of a DSS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  39. Components of a DSS MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  40. The Model Base • Financial models • Cash flow • Internal rate of return • Statistical analysis models • Summary statistics • Trend projections • Hypothesis testing • Graphical models • Project management models MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  41. The Model Base MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  42. Data-driven versus Model-driven DSS • Data-driven DSS - primarily performs qualitative analysis based on the company’s databases • Model-driven DSS - primarily performs mathematical or quantitative analysis MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  43. Group Decision Support Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  44. Group Decision Support System MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  45. Characteristics of a GDSS • Special design • Ease of use • Flexibility • Decision-making support • Anonymous input • Reduction of negative group behavior • Parallel communication • Automated record keeping MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  46. GDSS Alternatives MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  47. The Decision Room MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  48. Executive Support Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  49. Executive Support Systems MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

  50. Executive Support Systems (ESS) in Perspective • Tailored to individual executives • Easy to use • Drill down capabilities • Support need for external data • Can help when uncertainty is high • Future-oriented • Linked to value-added processes MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan

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