Chemistry Basics: Matter and Change

1. Chapter 1 Matter and Change

2. What is Chemistry? • Chemistryis the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. • A chemical is any substance that has a definite composition. • sucrose • water • carbon dioxide

3. Chemistry • Includes many different branches of study (focuses on a particular area, they do overlap) • Organic • Inorganic • Physical • Analytical • Biochemistry • Theoretical

4. Chapter 1 Chemistry Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

5. What is Matter? • Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space • Volumeis the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies. • Massis a measure of the amount of matter.

6. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. • Fundamental building block of matter • An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. • A compoundis a substance that is composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded

7. Characteristic Properties • Extensive- depends on amount of matter present • Mass • Volume • Amount of energy in a substance • Intensive- does not depend on amount of matter present • Melting point • Boiling point • Density • Ability to conduct electricity • Ability to transfer energy as heat

8. Day 2 Review ?????? Review ?????? Mass is a measurement of ______________ The fundamental building block of matter is________ An element is made of one type of _________

9. Physical properties-characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity Observed with the senses Melting point/boiling point A physical changeis a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling Properties of Matter

10. Physical Properties and Physical Changes, continued • A change of stateis a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • states of matter • solid state, matter has definite volume and definite shape. • liquid state, matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape. • gas state, matter has neither definite volume nor definite shape.

11. States of matter cont…. • Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of matter in gases have so much energy that the electrons are stripped away; therefore, they are electrically charged (super hot) • Bose-Einstein condensates atoms, when subjected to temperatures a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero, all coalesce to lose individual identity and become a “super atom” (super cold) • Predicted possible over 80 years ago but only actually created in a laboratory in 1995

12. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • A chemical property relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances • A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances is called a chemical change or chemical reaction. • 2 or more reactants form atleast 1 product

13. Chemical Changes, continued • The reactants are the substances that react in a chemical change. • The products are the substances that are formed by the chemical change. carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide reactants product Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide.

14. Chapter 1 Evidence of a Chemical Change Gas Formation Precipitate Energy Released as heat or Light Color Change

15. Energy and Changes in Matter • Energy is always involved when physical or chemical changes occur. • Energy can be in various forms. • heat • light • Energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not destroyed or created. • law of conservation of energy

16. Chapter 1 Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

17. Physical vs. Chemical chemical physical chemical physical physical • Examples: • rusting iron • dissolving in water • burning a log • melting ice • grinding spices

18. Chapter 1 Comparing Chemical and Physical Changes Visual Concept https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RpLOKqTcSk

19. Day 3 Review ?????? Review ?????? A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance is called ______________ In every chemical change 2 or more reactants form at least one ________

20. Classification of Matter • A mixtureis a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. • mixed together physically • can usually be separated • *Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions • uniform in composition (salt-water solution) • * Heterogeneous mixtures • * not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)

21. Chapter 1 Types of Mixtures

22. Classification of matter cont…. • A pure substance has a fixed composition. • Pure substances are either compounds or elements. • A pure substance differs from a mixture in the following ways: • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties. • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition. • Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.

23. Chapter 1 Classification of Matter

24. Chapter 1 Mixture Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vt7lN4QPU0k

25. Chapter 1 Compounds Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

26. Day 4 Review ?????? Review ?????? If a mixture is uniform in compositions it is considered to be _________________. A liquid has a definite ____________ but no definite ____________.

27. Introduction to the Periodic Table • All known elements are organized into a chart known as the periodic table • The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties. • The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period.

28. Types of Elements • Metals • A metal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor • Properties of metals • most are solids at room temperature • malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire • Luster- shininess

29. Types of Elements Cont…… • Nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. • Properties of nonmetals • many are gases • solids are brittle

30. Types of Elements Cont….. • Metalloids • A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. • Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), & Tellurium (Te) • Properties of metalloids • all metalloids are solids at room temperature • semiconductors of electricity (a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals)

31. Chapter 1 Types of Elements Cont ….. Noble Gases • elements in Group 18 of the periodic table • generally unreactive • gases at room temperature

32. Chapter 1 Regions of the Periodic Table

33. Review The vertical columns of the periodic table are called ____________ Noble gases are ____________ Carbon is classified as a _____________