Stress

2. Stress • The human reaction to events in our environment. • Wear and tear on our body.

3. Eustress • Good Stress • Getting into college • Winning the lottery • Getting engaged

4. Distress • Bad Stress • Difficult work environment • Overwhelming sights or sounds • Threat of personal injury

5. General Stress • Everyone has this kind • It resolves itself in a day or two • No intervention required

6. Cumulative Stress • Stress builds up in your body • It becomes more difficult to alleviate symptoms • You have more serious physical symptoms • You have more serious mental anguish

7. Acute Traumatic Stress • Critical incident stress • Produces considerable psychological distress • A normal reaction to abnormal events

8. Post-Traumatic Stress • Severs stressed produced by severe psychological trauma • Created by unresolved critical incident • Produced lasting changes

9. Sympathetic Nervous System

10. Sympathetic Nervous System brain hypothalamus pituitary gland via blood circulation via the nerves adrenal gland epinephrine cortisol sympathetic nervous system ￪ glucose metabolism behavioral alertness ￪ blood flow & pressure

11. Stress • Effects of long term release of cortisol • Increased blood pressure • Inhibits inflammatory response • Suppresses immune system • Damages brain cells

12. Learning is Enhanced by Challenge & Inhibited by Threat The brain’s priority is always survival - at the expense of higher order thinking Stress should be kept to a manageable level Provide opportunities to “grow” and to make changes Have high, but reasonable expectations

13. Stress & Learning The stress-brain loop ↓ Attention ↓ Perception ↓ Short-term memory ↓ Learning ↓ Word finding Cellular changes in the hippocampus Increases glucocorticoids Chronic Stress • Inadequate sleep • Poor nutrition • Emotional distress Decreased regulation of cortisol

15. Brain Organizes Memory In Different Ways Retrieval often depends upon how the information was stored. Relevancy is one key to both storage and retrieval • Provide and get examples • Connect to what students know, what they are interested in • Make learning meaningful

16. Memory When objects and events are registered by several senses, they can be stored in several interrelated memory networks. This type of memory becomes more accessible and powerful. Conversation helps us link ideas/thoughts to our own related memories. Students need time for this to happen!! Storytelling - Conversations Debates - Role playing Simulations - Songs Games - Films

17. Learning & Memory Stimulus Sensory organs perception Sensory Memory (millisecond-1) attention Short-Term Memory Working Memory (< 1 minute) forgetting repetition Long-Term Memory ( days, months, years)

18. Learning & Memory • Sensory Memory: • A sensory memory exists for each sensory channel: • iconic memory for visual stimuli • echoic memory for aural stimuli • haptic memory for touch • Information sensory memory short-term memory by attention, thereby filtering the stimuli to only those which are of interest at a given time.

19. Learning & Memory • Short-term Memory: • acts as a scratch-pad for temporary recall of the information under process • can contain at any one time seven, plus or minus two, "chunks" of information • lasts around twenty seconds. QUIZ NEXT SLIDE

20. Short-term Memory Quiz (30 sec) brainflagtrialpartnerhouselifechair eggsdrawingrockapplefocusmissionfavorice

21. Techniques to Help Memory • Encoding in Long-term Memory: • Organizing • Practicing • Spacing • Making meaning • Emotionally engaging

22. Techniques to Help Memory Define the “gist” - OVERVIEW Sequence events Plot out pictorially the information Tell the information to others in own words - TALK Peer teaching/tutoring Amplify by giving examples Use multiple parts of the brain (emotional, factual, physical) Auditory, Visual, Kinesthetic, Talk Combine Use color effectively Yellow and orange as attention-getters

23. The Brain is a Social Brain • The brain develops better in concert with others • When students have to talk to others about information, they retain the information longer and more efficiently! • Make use of small groups, discussions, teams, pairings, and question and answer situations.

24. How Can You Manage Your Stress Avoid stressful situations Change how you react to stress Avoid extremes Set priorities Set realistic goals Take control of the situation Manage how stress affects you Try relaxation techniques Change how you see the situation Figure out what’s important

25. Healthy Lifestyle Considerations • Diet • Lower salt intake • Lower intake of refined sugars and carbs • Lower caffeine intake • Add fruit, veggies, complex carbs, vitamins, and water

26. Healthy Lifestyle Considerations • Rest • Get 6 hours minimum of continuous rest

27. Healthy Lifestyle Considerations • Exercise • 30-60 minutes of aerobic exercise a day

28. Healthy Lifestyle Considerations • General • Talk things out • Make an increased effort to organize your life • Delegate things when needed • Ask for help

29. Healthy Lifestyle Considerations • Relax!!! • Fill your life with fun things to do. • Keep your sense of humor • Take charge of your life • Find a balance. • Make this part of your daily routine.