How Pentecostalism Came to Ohio: 1906-1907

1. PENTECOST IN OHIO How Pentecostalism Came to Ohio: 1906-1907

2. Early Pentecostal revivals: 1901-07 • Topeka—1901 Charles F. Parham frames the Pentecostal doctrine of Spirit baptism with speaking in tongues as the “Bible evidence.” • Houston—1905 Parham and the members of the Apostolic Faith Movement evangelize in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas. • Los Angeles—1906 Azusa Street Revival; William J. Seymour; news goes around the world: THE APOSTOLIC FAITH (L.A.), EVANGELISTS(e.g. Ivey Campbell)

3. Early Pentecostal revivals: 1906-7 Alliance, OH Zion City (Topeka)Nyack Memphis Dunn, NC Los Angeles Houston

4. Ground already prepared for Pentecostalism in Ohio • “Branches” of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, founded by A. B. Simpson • Holiness churches—for example, among some Quakers with holiness theology in the Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends • Paramount concern: spiritual enablement for the evangelization of the world; the restoration of the spirituality of the New Testament church

5. Ohio “Branches” of the Christian and Missionary Alliance (C&MA) ToledoCleveland Akron Youngstown New Castle Findlay Norwalk Flushing Pittsburgh Dayton Columbus Cambridge

6. Evangelist Ivey G. Campbell(1874-1918) East Liverpool Los Angeles

7. Campbell’s itinerary • Arrives in Los Angeles • Baptized in HS at Azusa Street • Returns to East Liverpool (11/06) • Ministry in Akron in December 1906 • Other revival services follow in Cleveland; Springboro and Pittsburgh, PA • Featured speaker at Pentecostal camp meeting at Alliance, OH in June 1907

8. C&MA leaders in Ohio who become Pentecostal • Rev. A. S. Copley —Cambridge: founds “Grace and Glory”; co-edits The Pentecost with J. Roswell Flower in Kansas City • Rev. W. A. Cramer —Cleveland: Pentecostal who remains in the Alliance • Rev. Daniel W. Kerr —Dayton: joins AG; later pastor of First Pentecostal Church in Cleveland; founds CBC and models it and Southern California Bible College (Vanguard) and Glad Tidings Bible Institute (Bethany) after the Missionary Training Institute at Nyack, NY

9. C&MA leaders in Ohio who become Pentecostal • Rev. Claudius A. McKinney —Akron: joins AG; formerly C&MA missionary in Congo (c.1895-1900); preaches in Findlay—T. K. Leonard baptized in HS and later starts Bible school • Rev. David W. Myland —Columbus: becomes independent Pentecostal; ordains J. Roswell Flower in Plainfield, Indiana • Rev. Etta Wurmser —Norwalk: starts Bible and Missionary Training School in Norwalk; moves school to Findlay in 1914; leader in Nat’l and Int’l Pentecostal Missionary Union; has following in Bucyrus, Fremont, Mansfield, Tiffin, Sandusky, Elyria, Lake Erie Islands.

10. 1907 Alliance, OH camp meeting • Levi R. Lupton. A holiness-Quaker pastor and evangelist • Attends Campbell’s meetings in Akron; baptized in HS • Missionary Home at Alliance: HQ, Bible school • Sponsors June 1907 camp meeting • Perhaps 600 to 700 in attendance; the tents are mixed; interracial meetings

11. 1907 camp meeting • Pentecostals come from near and far to attend the meetings, including some from Canada • Prominent attendees include J. Roswell Flower, Joseph H. King, and Frank Bartleman • Major impact on spread of Pentecostalism in Ohio and the mid-east • 1908 camp meeting issues a “missionary manifesto”: a year later, Lupton and others organize Pentecostal Missionary Union, first American Pentecostal mission agency

12. Recommended reading • McGee, Gary B. “Levi Lupton: A Forgotten Pioneer of Early Pentecostalism.” In Faces of Renewal, ed. Paul Elbert, 192-208. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 1988. • Nienkirchen, Charles W. A. B. Simpson and the Pentecostal Movement. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson Publishers, 1992. • Owen, Michael G. “Preparing Students for the First Harvest, 1905-1935: Five Early Ohio Bible Schools—Forerunners of Today’s Colleges.” Assemblies of God Heritage 9 (Winter 1989-1990): 3-5, 16-19. • Robeck, Jr., Cecil M. The Azusa Street Mission & Revival. Nashville: Nelson Reference and Electronic, 2006.