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RHETORIC 101. The rhetoric of today. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKyIw9fs8T4 “ Totally Like Whatever ” by Taylor Mali. Rhetoric = The manipulation of language for an intended effect. Political Speeches Love letters Text messages Memoirs Literature Poetry Song lyrics Lectures
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The rhetoric of today http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKyIw9fs8T4 “Totally Like Whatever” by Taylor Mali
Rhetoric =The manipulation of language for an intended effect Political Speeches Love letters Text messages Memoirs Literature Poetry Song lyrics Lectures Pamphlets Comic Books Protest signs Bumper Stickers
Rhetorical question “How many times are you going to make the same mistake before you get it through your thick skull?!?”
ACTIVE vs. PASSIVE VOICE • “Mistakes were made…”
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Metaphor, simile, personification, etc. Personification: Giving a non-human entity a physical, tangible human form. 2 Pac’s gun is personified into a girlfriend: “I'm waitin’ by the phone. This is true love; I could feel it/A lot of women in my bed but you the realest” –2 Pac “96 Bonnie and Clyde”
REPETITON/ANAPHORA Anaphora: Repeating a phrase at the beginning of each clause. Every little step I take, you will be thereEvery little step I make, we'll be togetherEvery little step I take, you will be thereEvery little step I make, we'll be together –Bobby Brown “Every Little Step”
ANTIMETABOLE/CHIASMUS Antimetabole: Repetition of words in successive clauses but transposed in grammatical order “The rhythm is the bass and the bass is the treble” --Warren G Chiasmus: Transposed grammar only “He knowinglyled and we followedblindly“ (adverb/verb; verb/adverb)
ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS Ethical, emotional, and logical arguments.
JUXTAPOSITION Definition: the placement of two things side by side.
ANTITHETICAL JUXTAPOSITION • Antithesis: the exact opposite • Antithetical Juxtaposition: polar opposites, side by side
SYNTAX Which one sounds best? Why? Times like these sure try men’s souls. How trying it is (for men’s souls) in these times. These are trying times for the souls of men. Soul-wise, these are trying times. These are the times that try men’s souls!
SYNTAX & PUNCTUATION • Consider the effect of the construction/punctuation: “On a foggy morning another of the Russians is buried; almost every day one of them dies” –All Quiet on the Western Front
SYNTAX/PUNCTUATION ANALYSIS TIPS • Consider the cadence: the rhythm or balance. • Does it sound lyrical, flowery, ornate? • Does it sound terse, choppy, or monotone? • Look for patterns • Consider sentence length and type • Consider punctuation choice and placement • Consider how all of these effects work in concert!
Terminal Emphasis “The crowd stopped and stared.”