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Rhetoric

Rhetoric. Rhetorical Triangle, SOAPSTone , and Appeals. Rhetoric. “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion” The art of finding ways to persuade an audience Can be in a variety of forms: text, pictures, films, etc. The Rhetorical Situation.

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Rhetoric

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  1. Rhetoric Rhetorical Triangle, SOAPSTone, and Appeals

  2. Rhetoric • “the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion” • The art of finding ways to persuade an audience • Can be in a variety of forms: text, pictures, films, etc.

  3. The Rhetorical Situation • Occasion, Exigence, Context, and Purpose • Occasion-the time and place the text was written or spoken. (Like a setting in literature). • Exigence-an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak • Context-the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding the text. • Purpose-the goal the speaker wants to achieve

  4. Rhetorical Triangle (Aristotelian Triangle) • Relationship among the speaker, audience, and subject • Speaker--the person or group who creates a text • Persona- “mask,” the role the speaker plays when delivering a text or speech • Was a persona used in your memoirs? How do you know? Who did the narrator/speaker sound like to you? • Audience—listener, viewer, or reader of the text or performance • Multiple audiences • Primary--those who immediately are influenced and act, persuaded by the rhetor’s persuasion. They are the mediators of change. • Secondary--persuaded by the primary audience either via direct persuasion or osmossis. • Tertiary audience--general public who receive the information whether they will respond or not. • Subject-the topic, not the goal (purpose)

  5. Speaker Text Audience Subject

  6. SOAPSTone • Subject • Occasion • Audience • Purpose • Speaker • Tone

  7. Tone • The speaker’s attitude toward his/her subject matter

  8. Rhetorical Appeals • Aristotle • Techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. • Ethos (character) • Logos (reason) • Pathos (emotion)

  9. Ethos (Character) • Credibility and trustworthiness • Emphasize shared values between the speaker and audience • Reputation • Building ethos • Explaining background or emphasizing shared values

  10. Logos (Reason) • Clear, ration ideas • Counterarguments—anticipating objections or opposing views • Concession/refutation

  11. Pathos (Emotion) • Emotions, values, desires, hopes, fears, and prejudices • Figurative language, personal anecdotes, and vivid images • “Two Ways of Seeing a River”—What methods does Twain use to evoke pathos? • Also largely created through diction (word choice).

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