1 / 17

English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration. Magna Carta. England 1600. King James Stuart I. King James VI of Scotland Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne (1603-1625) Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. Believed in Absolutism

signe-bowen
Download Presentation

English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

  2. Magna Carta

  3. England 1600

  4. King James Stuart I • King James VI of Scotland • Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne (1603-1625) • Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. • Believed in Absolutism • Worst struggles w/ Parliament were over money. They were reluctant ot pay for James’s’ expensive court & foreign wars • Offended Puritan members of Parliament • James = Calvinist • only agreed to one Puritan reform: translating the Bible: The King James version

  5. King Charles Stuart I • 1625 son of James, came to power • Always needed money • At war with Spain and France • Dissolved Parliament several times when they refused him money • 1628 force to call Parliament • They refused him any money until he signed a document that is known at the Petition of Rights • Agreed to sign the Petition of Rights

  6. Charles I

  7. Petition Of Rights • No imprisonment w/o due cause • No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent • No housing soldiers in private homes • No martial law in peacetime Charles signed it & then… Ignored it!!!!! (even so… it was important b/c it set forth the idea that the law was HIGHER than the KING

  8. King Charles Stuart I & the English Civil War • Offended Puritans by upholding church ritual & a formal prayer book • 1637- he tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book! • Wanted one religion for both Kingdoms • Scots rebelled, threatening to invade England • Called Parliament to ask for money for the rebellion • Parliament now had a chance to oppose him • 1641- Parliament passed laws to limit royal power • 1642- Charles tries to arrest Parliament’s leaders; they escaped • Mob of Londoners Raged outside the Palace after the King! • He escaped & raised an army in the North (loyal to him) • 1642-49 – supporters (loyalists or Cavaliers) & opponents (Roundheads) fought a CIVIL WAR • 1644- Oliver Cromwell came to defend the Puritan opposition

  9. Charles I Tried for Treason & Executed • 1647- the loyalists held the King prisoner on charges of treason • 1649- Charles was tried for treason, found guilty and EXECUTED! • First King ever to be tried, sentenced and killed by the people

  10. Oliver Cromwell & the English Commonwealth

  11. Oliver Cromwell • Puritan Morality imposed! • Sought to reform society • Made laws to promote Puritan morality & abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports) • Favored religious toleration for all Christians; except Catholics • Became unpopular due to strict religious rules • Son ruled after him, weakly • People began to long for the Monarchy

  12. The Restoration & Charles Stuart II • 1660- Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING • Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing • Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS • 1679- law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to go before a judge & the accuser • Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly • Died 1685 with no heir

  13. James Stuart II (Charles II brother) • 1685- became King • Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism • Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) • Parliament protested. James dissolved them • 1688- heir born, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings

  14. James Stuart II & the Glorious Revolution

  15. William and Mary • James II older daughter (Protestant) was married to William of Orange (Netherlands). • Parliament invited them to overthrow James • William led his army to London • James fled to France (to save his head) • = a BLOODLESS overthrown of a King • THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

  16. The “Conditions” = A Constitutional Monarchy • William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law • They had to sign the Bill of Rights • Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. • No suspending of Parliament’s Laws • No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament • No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament • No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King • William & Mary Consented • Constitutional Monarch is Born

  17. English Bill of Rights

More Related