Happy Thursday!!!

1. Happy Thursday!!! • Turn in vocab and pick up an agenda on the stand in the front • Did you know: The tombstone of Mel Blanc, the famous voice of cartoon characters Bugs Bunny, Sylvester the Cat, Tweety Bird and Porky Pig, reads: “That’s all folks.”

2. Cold War Origins

3. Origins • The Cold War lasted from the end of WWII until the collapse of the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1991 • The US and Soviet Union represented very different fundamental values • The US represented democratic political institutions and a free market economic system • Capitalism- private citizens control all economic activity • The Soviet Union was a totalitarian government with a communist economic system • The state controlled all property and economic activity

4. What is a “cold war”? • A war fought using methods that are short of actual fighting • Arms race- US and USSR built large military forces and nuclear weapons to scare each other • Alliances- US and USSR created alliances to protect themselves and friends from attack • Proxy wars- at times war broke out between a nations friendly to US and a nation friendly to USSR- each side sent money, supplies, troops • Propaganda- each side created and spread information to influence world opinion

5. Make mine freedom

6. United Nations • 50 nations- INCLUDING U.S. • Charter resembled the League of Nations • Initial successes: • Created Israel and preserve peace in the Middle East • Guided former colonies to independence • Set up a benefit organization (UNICEF) • Failure- to control the use/build up of nuclear weapons

8. Eastern Europe • The Soviets faced a lot of death in WWII and for that they justified their claims to Eastern Europe • Felt they could stop future invasions from the west • Stalin installed communist gov’ts in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Poland • Called satellite nations • Europe was now divided into 2 political regions • Winston Churchill of Britain made a speech creating the phrase “iron curtain” • Stood for the division of Europe

10. Germany Divided • West Germany- democratic and friendly with US • East Germany- communist and friendly with USSR • Berlin was divided as well • West-democratic and capitalist • East- communist and command economy

12. The Truman Doctrine • “Containment of communism” • Guiding principle of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War • Didn’t want to roll it back but wanted to keep it from spreading and to resist communist aggression into other countries • Truman asks Congress for $400 million in military aid for Greece and Turkey to fight communism • Created alliances- most famous being NATO

13. NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Formed as a defense alliance among the US and western European countries (12 nations in total) to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe • “an attack on 1 is an attack on all” • Soviet allies in the eastern Europe formed the Warsaw Pact • for nearly 50 years both sides maintained large military forces facing each other in Europe

14. Marshall Plan • Western Europe was in chaos • June 1947, Sec of State George Marshall proposed the US provide aid to all European nations • Over the next 3 year, 16 countries receive about $13 billion in aid

16. Berlin Airlift • Remember Berlin is split but is located right in the middle of USSR territory • 1948- Stalin attempted to push the US, GB and FR out of Berlin by blocking rail and road traffic in and out. • Thought W. Berlin would suffer from lack of supplies and eventually get absorbed into USSR • US Air Force supplied West Berlin by air for a year forcing an end to the blockade • Later the USSR built a wall around West Berlin • prevent a US invasion of East Germany and to separate E and W Germany

19. Communist Takeover in China • Revolution in 1949: Nationalists v. Communists • Communists win- Mao Zedong • increased American fears of communist domination of most of the world • The communist nations of China and the Soviet Union eventually became rivals for territory and diplomatic influence • Later President Nixon exploited this in 1970s

21. Korean War • At the end of WWII, Korea split into pro-communist North and pro-democratic South along the 38th parallel • North Korean forces attacked South Korea in 1950 • UN voted to help defend South Korea • US forces made up 90% of UN force • American involvement reflected the policy of containment of communism • Us led forces under Douglas MacArthur counter-attacked North Korean forces • China Sent 300,000 troops to help N. Korea

22. Result of Korean War • End in a stalemate at 38th parallel • Success or failure? • 1953- Armistice signed ending war • 38th parallel line still divides North and South Korea • Containment of communism successful • US casualties= 54,000 dead

26. Happy Monday • Pick up an agenda • Start the SOL quiz on the back • Take out cold war packet, I will come around and check that you have completed the first 3

27. Cold War Cold War at home

28. Post WWII America • GI Bill- paid part of college tuition, a years worth of unemployment benefits, low interest loans • Helped families get new homes in suburbs- cookie cutter towns • Baby Boom- 40s-60s the birthrate in US soared- largest generation in the nation’s history

29. Levittown

30. Changing Roles • Women were often reluctant to give up their independence after the war • Most left their jobs and went back home however • Women were homemakers and images were glorified by tv shows • African-American veterans demanded more civil rights • Truman attempted to expand civil rights but Congress shut it down • Jackie Robinson 1947 • Dixiecrats- led by Strom Thurmond to protest Truman’s efforts

34. Medical advances • Dr. Jonas Salk- developed a vaccine for polio • Dr. Benjamin Spock- Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care • Advised parents not to spank or scold children • Mothers need to be home

36. Interstate Highway system • After WWII Americans bought a lot of cars • Suburban living required cars • President Eisenhower authorized the building of a nationwide highway network • In turn encouraged more development • Long-haul trucking replacing need for railroads • Disneyland opened in 1955

38. Consumerism and Leisure • People bought lots of stuff!! • Washing machines, dishwashers, microwaves, freezers, televisions, tape recorders, record players, grills, pools, toys etc. • Recreational activities- • Fishing, bowling, boating, golf, baseball, basketball, football (on tv too!)

39. Social conformity • Fast food restaurants standardized what people ate • Corporations didn’t want individual thinkers • Personality tests to make sure you “fit in” • Idea was to not draw unwanted attention to yourself • Everyone following the “American Dream”

41. Subculture 1950s • Beat movement- social and literary nonconformity of artists, poets and writers • Went against conformity • Rock ‘n’ roll- heavy rhythm, simple melodies and lyrics • Elvis, Chuck Berry, Little Richard • Condemned by adults- lead to teenage delinquency

43. Pop Culture • TV was HUGE! • People having TV in their house • 1948-0.4%, 1954- 55.7%, 1958-83.2% • FCC-Federal Communication Commission to regulate • Stereotypical portrayal of women and minorities

45. Threat of Nuclear War • The fear of communism and the threat of nuclear war affected American life throughout the Cold War • US developed the Hydrogen bomb- more powerful than atomic bomb • USSR developed one too!! • US encouraged math and science programs in schools in order to get ahead of the Soviets • During the 1950s and 1960s American schools regularly held drills to train children what to do in case of nuclear attacks • “duck and cover” • American citizens were urged by the gov’t to build bomb shelters in their basements

47. Fear and Paranoia • The Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and the Communist take over in China fueled a fear that communism would spread around the world and to the US • At the height of WWII, about 80,000 Americans claimed membership in the Communist Party • People thought they had loyalty to USSR • Loyalty Review Board- set up to investigate gov’t employees and dismiss those found to be disloyal to the US • List of 91 “subversive” organizations was formed- membership in these groups were grounds for suspicion

48. HUAC • House Un-American Activities Committee • Investigated Communist influence in the movie industry • Believed the Communists were sneaking propaganda into films • “Hollywood Ten”- group of actors that refused to testify- sent to prison • Hollywood execs issued a blacklist- list of people condemned for having communist background • Actors, writers, producers and directors (about 500 in total)

49. How to spot a communist • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQVXHlMvOoU

50. Spies in the US • Alger Hiss- accused of spying for the USSR • Document “found” that were said to have been written by Hiss • Convicted of perjury and sent to jail • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg- accused of spying for the USSR • When the USSR exploded their atomic bomb quickly, people thought that they were spying on the US • Rosenbergs were activist in the American Communist Party • Denied the charges and said they were being persecuted b/c they were Jewish • Found guilty of espionage and sentenced to death