Part 1 National Growth

1. Part 1 National Growth • After the War of 1812 the nation was finally out from under the threat of war for the first time in its existence. The nations trading partners in Europe was also had peace and so the nation’s economy grew tremendously.

2. Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the late 1700s. • It involved the use of factory machines that replaced hand tools. • Large-scale manufacturing replaced farming and various cottage industries as the main form of work. The Industrial Revolution was a time period when industry and Manufacturing increased tremendously

3. Industrializing the United States • Many people did not want the United States to industrialize. • However, during the War of 1812 the British blockade kept imported goods from reaching the United States. • This forced Americans to start manufacturing their own goods.

4. The Factory System • Brought many workers and machines together under one roof. The most common factories were for the cotton industry like textile factories and spinning mills. • Most factories were built near water, which powered the machines. • People left farms to work in factories • Samuel Slater started a spinning mill were he hired children to turn raw cotton into cloth using machines. Textile is cloth made from cotton

5. First Factories • America built its first factories in New England. • This region’s rivers provided water power. Ships had access to the ocean…perfect for trade! • There were many willing workers, including immigrants.

6. Francis Cabot Lowell • 1813: built a factory town in Waltham, Massachusetts, that produced cotton, yarn, and cloth. • The factory’s success led to the building of Lowell, a factory town near the Merrimack and Concord rivers. • The Lowell Mills employed farm girls who worked 12 hour days in deafening noise and lived in company-owned boardinghouses

7. Eli Whitney • In 1798, the U.S. government hired the inventor Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for the army. Up until then, guns were made one at a time, by hand. • In 1801, Whitney demonstrated the use of parts that were exactly alike, or interchangeable. • Interchangeable parts = faster production! • Became standard in industries • Made repairs easy • Allowed the use of lower paid, less skilled workers

8. The Cotton Gin • Whitney’s is also famous for inventing the cotton gin in 1793. • This engine could separate the cotton lint from its seeds quickly. • It caused an explosion in the cotton industry. • Cotton became the #1 industry in the south and the use of slavery increased greatly.

9. Robert Fulton • Using the newly invented steam engine, Robert Fulton invented a motorized steamboat that could move against the current or strong wind. • In 1807, he launched the steamboat Clermont on the Hudson River. It was successful and with in a few years steamboats became the way to travel on American waterways, the airlines of their day.

10. Samuel F. B. Morse • In 1837 Morse invented the telegraph and developed Morse Code, which became the common telegraph language. • By 1861, telegraph lines spanned the country • Faster communication, the email of the day. • Brought the people closer together as a nation…more unity! "What hath God wrought?” was the first telegraph message ever sent

11. Agriculture • Several inventions increased farm production. • In 1836, John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge. • His invention made it easier for farmers to prepare heavy Midwestern soil for planting.

12. Cyrus McCormick • In 1834, Cyrus McCormick’s reaper cut ripe grain. • The threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from husks. Increased wheat production tremendously

13. Working Together • New farming equipment helped Midwestern farmers feed Northeastern factory workers. • Midwestern farmers became a market for the goods manufactured in the Northeast. • Northeastern textile mills increased the need for Southern cotton. New technologies linked regions of the United States together.

14. THE GOOD….. Increased the OVERALL demand for: Manufactured goods Immigrant workers Cotton growing Triggered: Regional Growth Industrialization Increased need for cotton

15. THE BAD….. Slavery: Increased demands for slave labor in the south. Native Americans: Demand for more land by southern planters led to more loss of Native American land Also: Led to crowded cities, child labor, sectional differences between the North, South, and West.