G roup 4 P roject

1. Group 4 Project The group 4 project allows students to • appreciate the environmental, social and ethical implications of science and technology. • allow them to understand the limitations of scientific study such as; • shortage of appropriate data • lack of resources.

2. Group 4 Project • Rather than the products of scientific investigation, the emphasis is on; • interdisciplinary cooperation • processes involved in scientific investigation

3. Group 4 Project • The choice of scientific or technological topic is open • but the project should clearly address aims 7, 8 and 10 of the group 4 subject guides.

4. Group 4 project must address aim 7 “Develop and apply the students’ information and communication technology skills in the study of science”.

5. Group 4 project must address aim 7 Aim 7 may be partly addressed at the planning stage • by using electronic communication within and between schools. • It may be that ICT(for example, data logging, spreadsheets, databases, and so on) will be used in the action phase • and certainly in the presentation/evaluation stage (for example, use of digital images, presentation software, web sites, digital video, and so on).

6. Group 4 project must address aim 8 “Raise awareness of the • moral • ethical • social • economic • environmental implications of using science and technology”

7. Group 4 project must address aim 10 • “Encourage an understanding of the relationships between scientific disciplines and the overarching nature of the scientific method".

8. Group 4 Project • The project can be practically or theoretically based. • Collaboration between schools in different regions is encouraged. • Students work in a collaborative activity from different group 4 subjects. • Work on a scientific or technological topic.

9. Science, technology, society and environment (STSE) education • originates from the science technology and society (STS) movement in science education.

10. Goals of STSE • Enabling students to formulate a critical understanding of the interface between science, society and technology. • Developing students’ capacities and confidence to • make informed decisions, • take responsible action to address issues arising from the impact of science on their daily lives.

11. Goals of STSE Non-human primates make up 0.3 percent of research animals, with 55,000 used each year in the U.S. • Engaging students in examining a variety of real world issues and grounding scientific knowledge in such realities. • In today's world, such issues might include the impact on society of: • global warming, • genetic engineering, • animal testing, • deforestration practices, • nuclear testing and environmental legislations, such as the EU Waste Legislation or the Kyoto Protocol.

12. Energy Energy from the sun Effects on the environment Wind Energy

13. Consequences of Fossil Fuels • Fossil fuels produce a lot of energy and are relatively cheap  • Fossil Fuels will eventually run out because we are using them faster than they can be replaced…remember they take thousands of years to form • Fossil fuels produce  • gases that destroy  • the ozone layer of  • the atmosphere

14. Theenvironment • Choices we make affect our environment • Should we use fuel efficient cars, cars that are fueled by gas and energy from the sun • or should we use the typical cars that burn oil and pollute our environment? • Should we continue to burn coal, a fossil fuel • or should we try to find an alternative environmentally friendly energy source

17. The Environment in our dreams

18. Group 4 Project • Ideally, the project should involve students collaborating with those from other group 4 subjects at all stages. • it is not necessary for the topic chosen to have clearly identifiable separate subject components. • However, for logistical reasons some schools may prefer a separate subject "action" phase.

19. Possible Project Ideas • WEATHERING • Biology: bacterial effects,fungi and moulds,lichens,root damage,algae • Chemistry: acid rain,ozone,effect of soot deposits • Physics: effects of sunlight,structural stresses,hot-cold cycles and their effects

20. Project stages • The 10 hours allocated to the group 4 project, which are part of the teaching time set aside for IA, can be divided into three stages: • planning • action • evaluation.

21. Planning • This stage is crucial to the whole exercise and should last about two hours. • The planning stage could consist of a single session, or two or three shorter ones. • This stage must involve all group 4 students meeting to "brainstorm" and discuss the central topic, sharing ideas and information. • The topic can be chosen by the students themselves or selected by the teachers. • Where large numbers of students are involved, it may be advisable to have more than one mixed subject group.

22. Planning • After selecting a topic or issue, the activities to be carried out must be clearly defined. • At this stage, if the project is to be experimentally based, apparatus should be specified so that there is no delay in carrying out the action stage. • Contact with other schools, if a Joint venture has been agreed, is an important consideration at this time.

23. TOPICS SELECTED BY OUR SCHOOL G4 TEACHERS pH level testing Photosynthesis Energy Conversion WATER

24. TOPICS SELECTED BY OUR SCHOOL G4 TEACHERS POLLUTION

25. TOPICS THAT CAN BE SELECTED BY OUR SCHOOL • FOOD TECHNOLOGY Preservation Packaging

26. Freeze drying is a food-processing method that provides unique benefits:

27. Bottling and Packaging lines • Highly automated, bottling and packaging lines, require germ-free conditions for activities such as: • washing/rinsing, measuring, filling, capping, foiling, labelling, drying, case packing.

28. Action • Lasts around six hours • May be carried out over one or two weeks in normal scheduled class time. • Alternatively, a whole day could be set aside if, for example, the project involves fieldwork. • Students should investigate the topic in mixed subject groups or single subject groups. • There should be collaboration during the action stage; findings of investigations should be shared with other students within the mixed/single subject group. • It is important to pay attention to safety, ethical and environmental considerations.

29. Evaluation • Lasts fortwo hours; • students share • their findings, • both successes and failures. • How this is achieved can be decided by the teachers, the students or jointly. • One solution is to devote a morning, afternoon or evening to a symposium where all the students, as individuals or as groups, give brief presentations.

30. Evaluation • Alternatively, the presentation could be more informal the form of a science fair: where students circulate around displays summarizing the activities of each group. • The symposium or science fair could also be attended by parents, members of the school board and the press. This would be especially pertinent if some issue of local importance has been researched. Some of the findings might influence the way the school interacts with its environment or local community.

31. Addressing internationalism • There are also possibilities in the choice of topic to illustrate the international nature of the scientific endeavourand the increasing cooperation required to tackle global issues involving science and technology. • An alternative way to bring an international dimension to the project is to collaborate with a school in another region

32. Types of project It could be undertaken in a wide range of ways. • Designing and carrying out a laboratory investigation or fieldwork. • Carrying out a comparative study (experimental or otherwise) in collaboration with another school. • Collating, manipulating and analysing data from other sources, such as scientific journals, environmental organizations, science and technology industries and government reports. • Designing and using a model or simulation. • Contributing to a long-term project organized by the school