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PLANT EVOLUTION KEY CONCEPT Plant life began in the water and became adapted to land.

PLANT EVOLUTION KEY CONCEPT Plant life began in the water and became adapted to land. Plant Evolution. Evolved from green algae (450 mya) Both have chlorophyll, store energy as starch, DNA similarities Green algae ancestor Multicellular body Cells w/ channels to communicate

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PLANT EVOLUTION KEY CONCEPT Plant life began in the water and became adapted to land.

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  1. PLANT EVOLUTION KEY CONCEPTPlant life began in the water and became adapted to land.

  2. Plant Evolution • Evolved from green algae (450 mya) • Both have chlorophyll, store energy as starch, DNA similarities • Green algae ancestor • Multicellular body • Cells w/ channels to communicate • Reproduce w/ sperm & egg • Early plants • Low growth

  3. True plants evolved through natural selection. • Ancestral charophyceans lived in areas of shallow water. • Those that could survive longer dry periods were favored. • First true plants probably grew at edges of water. • True plants have embryos that develop while attached to female parent. Land plants had to overcome Many challenges. We’ll take a look at the adaptations…

  4. stoma Land Adaptations • Retain Moisture • Early plants grew near waters edge • Cuticle: waxy coating • Stomata: pores to allow gas exchange

  5. Land Adaptations • Transporting Resources • Vascular system: tissue to transport nutrients • Up from the roots (ex: water) • Down from the leaves (ex: sugars) • Allows taller growth

  6. Land Adaptations • Growing upright • Large plants need to support own weight • Lignin: hardens cell wall; gives wood strength

  7. Land Adaptations • Reproduction on land • Pollen: carried by wind/animals (no water necessary) • Seeds: hard coat protects embryo inside

  8. Alternation of generations • Sporophyte (diploid) • Begins when sperm fertilizes egg (zygote) • Diploid zygote divides by mitosis to create a mature sporophyte • Meiosis produces haploid cells called spores • Gametophyte • Haploid spores released • Spores grow into gametophyte • Male produces sperm • Female produces egg • Sperm and egg make zygote (cycle repeats)

  9. Plant Ecology • Mutualistic relationships • Type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit • Ex: Plants (provides living space)/Bacteria (create nutrients) • Ex: Plants (provide food)/Insects (help pollinate) • Herbivore interactions • Defense adaptations • Spines, thorns, chemicals,

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