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CHAPTER 22 NOTES (PAGE 638). EXPLORING SPACE. ***Look in your book for definitions and explanations if needed. I. RADIATION FROM SPACE. A. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM (RADIATION). RADIATION (CONT.). 1. GAMMA RAYS 2. X-RAYS 3. ULTRAVIOLET WAVES 4. VISIBLE LIGHT ROY G BIV.
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CHAPTER 22 NOTES(PAGE 638) EXPLORING SPACE ***Look in your book for definitions and explanations if needed.
I. RADIATION FROM SPACE A. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM (RADIATION)
RADIATION (CONT.) 1. GAMMA RAYS 2. X-RAYS 3. ULTRAVIOLET WAVES 4. VISIBLE LIGHT ROY G BIV
RADIATION (CONT.) 5. INFRARED WAVES 6. MICROWAVES 7. RADIO WAVES
***All seven types of radiation travel at the speed of light 300,000 km/sec in a vacuum
B. Energy Waves • ALL ENERGY FROM THE SUN TRAVELS BY WAVES (SEE DIAGRAM)
ENERGY WAVES (CONT.) • CREST=THE HIGHEST POINT OF THE WAVE • TROUGH=LOWEST POINT OF THE WAVE • WAVELENGTH=FROM CREST TO CREST OF WAVE • FREQUENCY=# OF WAVES THAT PASS A PT. PER SEC.
II. TELESCOPES A. REFRACTING B. REFLECTING C. RADIO
D. LIGHT POLLUTION • A GLOW IN THE SKY CAUSED BY CITY LIGHTS; INTERFERES WITH OBSERVING OBJECTS IN SPACE
A. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion: • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
B. SPUTNIK I C. SPACE PROBES- instrument sent into space to gather data and sent it back to Earth
1. Pioneer 10 • Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to fly by Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System. It later became the first human-made object to cross the orbit of Pluto.
2. Voyager 1 & 2 Now traveling through the outer solar system after gathering data from the outer planets
3. Galileo Probe • Galileo plunged into Jupiter's crushing atmosphere on Sept. 21, 2003. The spacecraft was deliberately destroyed to protect one of its own discoveries - a possible ocean beneath the icy crust of the moon Europa.
D. RACE TO THE MOON • PROJECT MERCURY-first U.S. space program; provided experience in basic space flight (one astronaut each flight)
capsule Friendship 7
2. Project Gemini • Teams of 2 astronauts orbited Earth and practiced working in space; first space walk during this time
3. PROJECT APOLLO • Astronauts reached and landed on the moon; 6 moon landings in all
Lunar & Command Module
4. The Moon • The moon is Earth's closest celestial neighbor. • It governs the tides (the sun plays a small part, but not nearly as much as the Moon). • It is responsible for eclipses.
a. Solar Eclipse When the moon casts a shadow on the Earth.
b. Lunar Eclipse • When the Earth casts a shadow on the moon.
waxing gibbous waxing crescent 1st quarter full new SUN waning crescent waning gibbous last quarter
Reusable spacecraft; transports astronauts, satellites, and other materials to and from space; can hold up to 10 astronauts A. SPACE SHUTTLE
B. SPACE STATION • SKY LAB-U. S. station launched in 1973 • MIR-Russian station used until recently • INTERNATIONAL-newest station, still being built
C. MISSION MARS • Research stages at this point • may take as long as 15-20 years before a mission takes place to Mars