The Underlying Theories of Precede-Proceed Model

1. The Underlying Theories of Precede-Proceed Model Understanding Causal Assumptions and Intervention Assumptions 瞭解該理論模式的因果假設與 計畫介入假設

2. Prototype of Causal Models and Intervention Models Problem Theory: 因 Causes->->->->->->->果Effects INPUTS投入 (educational,教育organizational Economic經濟, etc.) OUTPUTS產出 (health健康, quality of life, develop-ment)生活品質 X ? Different models interpret the content of “X?” according to different theories (or assumptions) about causation and control.

3. Examples of Causal Theories on Which PRECEDE-PROCEED is Based • Psychological theories心理學理論 in which X includes behavior, and its antecedents such as attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and other cognitive variables • Sociological theories社會學理論 in which X includes organizational functioning and interorganizational exchange and coalitions. • Economic theories經濟學理論 in which X includes consumer behavior and organizational response to consumer demand. • Pathophysiological theories 病理學理論 in which X includes organisms or environmental exposure processes.

4. Action Theory and Program Theory Use Causal Theories to Link Interventions & Outcomes Action Theory and Program Theory Use Causal Theories to Link Intervention and Outcomes Intervention Variable 介入變項 Ca usa l Variable 原因變項 Outcome Variable 結果變項 Action Theory Program Theory Success計畫理論 Success行動理論 *Action Theory and Conceptual Theory Intervention Evaluation Model. Chen 1990. p. 200

5. Mediating and Moderating Variables Mediator Intervention Outcome Variable Variable Mediator Moderator

6. Prototype of the Resource-Based Planning Approach* 1. Select Resource or Service to be Studied 4. Evaluate Use of the Resource or Service 2. Assess Demand for the Resource or Service 3. Increase Resource or Increase Demand *A procedural model, as distinct from a causal model.

7. Strengthening Population-based, Diagnostic Planning Approaches* Participatory Research 1. Assess Needs, Assets of Population 2. Assess Causes, Set Priorities & Objectives 4. Evaluate Program Reassess causes Redesign 3. Design and Implement Program *Green & Kreuter, Health Promotion Planning, 3rd ed., Mayfield, 1999.

8. Phase 5 Administrative & policy assessment Phase 4 Educational & ecological assessment Phase 2 Epidemiological assessment Phase 1 Social assessment Phase 3 Behavioral & environmental assessment Predisposing Public Health Health education Behavior Reinforcing Quality of life Health Policy regulation organization Environment Enabling Surveillance, Planning and Evaluating for Policy and Action: PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL* Phase 6 Implementation Phase 7 Process evaluation Phase 8 Impact evaluation Phase 9 Outcome evaluation Input Process Short-term social impact Output Short-term impact Longer-term health outcome Long-term social impact *Green & Kreuter, Health Promotion Planning, 3rd ed., 1999.