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In-Situ Transformation of Municipal Sewage Sludge into Biodiesel

In-Situ Transformation of Municipal Sewage Sludge into Biodiesel. Rebeca Sánchez Vázquez I. A. Vasiliadou, Juan A. Melero, F. Martínez, L. Fernando Bautista, J. Iglesias, G. Morales and R. Molina. Grupo de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental. The biodiesel production process

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In-Situ Transformation of Municipal Sewage Sludge into Biodiesel

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  1. In-Situ Transformation of Municipal Sewage Sludge into Biodiesel Rebeca Sánchez Vázquez I. A. Vasiliadou, Juan A. Melero, F. Martínez, L. Fernando Bautista, J. Iglesias, G. Morales and R. Molina Grupo de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental

  2. The biodiesel productionprocess 1stGeneration Biodiesel Sunflower Oil Soya Oil Canola Oil Castor Oil 1st generation biodiesel Palm Oil Jatropha Oil

  3. The biodiesel productionprocess 2ndGeneration Biodiesel Microbial oil Non-edible feedstock New technologies Algae oils 2nd Generation Biodiesel Greener process Safer process Non-food crops High purity by-products Other waste Waste cooking oils Waste animal fats Non-food / land for fuel Profitable process

  4. Alternative source for oleaginous feedstock Sewagesludges ~ 1.6 MT produced yearly in the EU Increasing due to incresing urbanization and industrialization. ~ 10-30 wt% of lipids content Direct adsorption of lipids onto the sludge. Cell membrane of microorganisms composed of phospholipids Wastes  Large amounts of non-saponifiable compounds Contact with water  High FFA contents due to hydrolysis processes

  5. Experimental

  6. Oil Extraction • Solvents Diethyl Ether, n-Hexane and methanol • Conditions Temperature: Boiling point of the solvent • Solvent to Biomass: 10 – 15 mL·g-1 • Contact time: 2.5 and 4.0 hours Water removal Extraction of lipids Solids removal Lipids concentration Drying stage T = 80ºC P = 0.5 bar t = 12 hours Solvent refluxing T = Boiling Temp. P = atm. t = 2.5 – 4.0 hours Filtration Evaporation T = 80ºC P = 0.2 bar

  7. Heterogeneous acid catalytic system Zr – SBA-15 Zr loading (wt. %): 8.4 SBET (m2/g): 556 Vp (cm3/g): 1.35 Dp (nm): 12.9 Si/Zr) EDX  20 Si/Zr) bulk –ICP  16 Si/Zr) XPS  18 Zr-SBA-15 Zirconium species Isomorphic substitution Zirconium & zirconium dioxide species Mesostructured silica as solid support High surface area. Large pore size. Lewis-type acid catalyst • High incorporation of Zr. • Textural properties. • Mesoscopic ordering.

  8. Catalytic test Methanol Tryglicerides & free fatty acids Stirring rate: 2000 rpm Heating ramp: 7ºC/min Autogenous pressure + + Biodiesel Glycerol

  9. Yield toward FAME: 1H NMR O H C 2 C H C 2 O C H ...R R… 2 CH3 C H C H 2 C 2 O O C H ...R 2 C H C H C 2 O O C H ...R O H C H ...R 2 2 C H C H C C H 2 C 2 2 O O 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 d H (ppm)

  10. Results & Discussion

  11. OilExtraction: Primary - SewageSludges Diethylether n - Hexane Methanol 15,0 12,5 10,0 ExtractionYield (wt%) 7,5 5,0 2,5 0,0 • Diethyl ether • Very poor extraction yield. Discarded solvent. • n-Hexane & methanol  Very good extraction yields Large amount of UnsaponifiableMatter and Free Fatty Acids obtained

  12. Transesterificationreaction – Primary - SewageSludges Batchexperiments 100 100 % FFA % Gly 80 80 (%) Molar composition (%) 60 60 Yield FAME 40 40 20 20 0 0 Reaction Product (3h) Reaction Product (6h) Reuse Product (3h) 6.0 % of the total sewage sludge is converted into FAME High conversion of FFA and TG into FAME after 3h

  13. Transesterificationreaction – Primary - SewageSludges In SituProcess 100 100 % FFA % Gly High FAME yield from primary sewage sludge through In situ process 80 80 (%) 60 60 Molar composition (%) Yield High FAME yield from sewage sludge without drying treatment (72 wt% water content) FAME 40 40 20 20 0 0 Blank Reaction Product (3h) DB(g)/S(ml) = 0.1 Reaction Product (3h) Reaction Product (6h) Reuse Product (3h) RP (3h) Wet Sludge DB(g)/S(ml) = 0.25

  14. Transesterificationreaction – Primary - SewageSludges ConventionalProcess In Situ Process 5.8 % of the total sewage sludge is converted into FAME 15.5 % of the total sewage sludge is converted into FAME

  15. OilExtraction: Secondary - SewageSludges n-Hexane Methanol 3.0 2.5 • The amount of extracted lipid from secondary sludge is much lower 2.0 ExtractionYield (wt%) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Greater proportion of saponifiable matter and Free Fatty Acids obtained 62.3 Composition (%) 20.7 16.9

  16. Transesterificationreaction – In SituProcess Primary Secondary World wide production ~ 20.000.000 T / año  ~ 4.000.000 T biodiesel  

  17. Potentialoilextractioncapacity of Fungalbiomass Removal of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants Alternative biological cultures: White-rot fungi in suspended growth medium with remarkable removal efficiency. GanodermaLucidum TrametesVersicolor Fungal sludge generated during the bio-degradation process was used for biodiesel production by means of one-step direct transformation.

  18. OilExtraction: GanodermaLucidum and TrametesVersicolor 2.5 h 100 ml Methanol Remarkableextractionyield ExtractionYield (wt%) Largeamount of glycerides and Free FattyAcidsobtained Composition (%)

  19. Transesterificationreaction – In-Situ Process 100 100 % FFA % Gly 80 80 High FAME yield from fungy biomass through In-situ process. (%) 60 60 Molar composition (%) Yield FAME 40 40 20 20 0 0 Reaction Product (3h) Reuse Product (3h) Reaction Product (3h) Reuse Product (3h) TrametesVersicolor GanodermaLucidum

  20. Transesterificationreaction – In-Situ Process TrametesVersicolor GanodermaLucidum

  21. Conclusions

  22. Conclusions • Fungus and SewageSludgefromtheprimary and secondarytreatmentunit in wastewatertreatmentplantscan be used as alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. • Extractedhighlyacidicimpureoils can beeasilyconvertedinto FAME bymethanolysis in presence of thehighlystableheterogeneousacidcatalyst Zr-SBA-15. • Theextraction and conversioninto FAME of thelipidscontainedbySewageSludge and fungus can be accomplished in a single step in presence of heterogeneousacidcatalystsyieldingbetterresultsthanaplyingbothtechniquesseparately.

  23. FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM CTQ 2008-01396 S-2009/ENE-1743 IS GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGED Dr. I. Vasileiadou Dr. J. A. Melero Dr. F. Martínez Dr. F. Bautista Dr. J. Iglesias Dr. G. Morales Dr. R. Molina

  24. In-Situ Transformation of Municipal Sewage Sludge into Biodiesel Rebeca Sánchez Vázquez I. A. Vasiliadou, Juan A. Melero, F. Martínez, L. Fernando Bautista, J. Iglesias, G. Morales and R. Molina Grupo de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental

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